Prophylactic regimens

The patient verbalizes the importance of complying with the prescribed therapeutic or prophylactic regimen. 

Prophylactic regimens against PUD are often required in patients who require long-term NSAID or aspirin therapy for... 

TABLE 71-7. Prophylactic Regimens for Dental, Oral, Respiratory Tract, or Esophageal Procedures... 

Fluconazole (400 mg/day) has been extensively studied as a prophylactic regimen to prevent invasive candidiasis in patients... 

Anaerobes and gram-negative aerobes predominate in SSIs (see Table 48-4), although gram-positive aerobes are also important. Therefore, the risk of an SSI in the absence of an adequate prophylactic regimen is substantial. 

Brief History. A.S. is a 47-year-old concert musician who experienced a progressive decline in renal function that ultimately led to renal failure. Kidney function was maintained artificially through renal dialysis until a suitable kidney transplant became available from a donor who died in an automobile accident. The kidney was transplanted successfully, and A.S. was placed on a prophylactic regimen of three different immunosuppressive drugs to prevent the rejection of the transplanted kidney. At the time of the transplant, cyclosporine was initiated at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight... 

It is to be noted that the pharmacodynamics (PD) data (Fig. 12.19) clearly indicate that if DS-96 is to ever to find utility in the clinic as a LPS-sequestrant, it will have to be administered prior to the onset of sepsis, as a prophylactic, before the onslaught of the innate immune response. It is mandatory for a prophylactic regimen to have a very wide margin of safety and, consequently, we have paid particular attention to eliciting any potential toxicity ascribable to DS-96. Daily i.p. administration to rats at doses of 0, 5, and 10 mg/kg (free base equivalent) of DS-96 (either as TFA or HC1 salt the 10 mg/kg free base dose represents 10X 100% protective dose in mice on a body weight basis) for five days resulted in a dose-dependent... 

Special sources should be consulted for prophylactic regimens recommended for children and for other procedures, such as instrumentation of the urogenital or gastrointestinal tracts. 

Chloroquine can cause seizures in patients with epilepsy. The mechanism is uncertain, but it may include reductions in inhibitory neurotransmitters and pharmacokinetic interactions that alter anticonvulsant concentrations. Tonic-clonic convulsions were reported in four patients in whom chloroquine was part of a prophylactic regimen. Antiepileptic treatment was required to control the seizures. None had further seizures after withdrawal of the antimalarial drugs (9). 

These results may explain why earlier studies in male military personnel failed to detect a higher proportion of neuropsychiatric problems with mefloquine compared with other prophylactic regimens. 

PJ is a 23-year-old man with ALL hospitalized for induction chemotherapy. He is scheduled to receive amphotericin B tonight as part of his prophylactic regimen against opportunistic infections. His premedications for amphotericin should include the following ... 

Animal studies and human case reports have led to several proposed postexposure prophylactic regimens for asymptomatic patients exposed to pulmonary agents, specifically phosgene, to prevent development of complications. Unfortunately, all of these treatments lack evidence in systemic studies, and asymptomatic patients may find at least one of the treatments unacceptable ... 

When angina occurs more frequently than once a day, a chronic prophylactic regimen using /8-blockers as the first line of therapy... 

An immune response to allergens results in release of inflammatory mediators that cause allergic rhinitis symptoms. Therefore patients must be thoroughly knowledgeable about the proper timing and administration of prophylactic regimens. 

TABLE 109—14. Prophylactic Regimens for Genitourinary Gastrointestinal (Excluding Esophageal) Procedures... 

Underlying disease states that may affect antibiotic metabolism and/or elimination should be considered when developing a prophylactic regimen. For example, patients with thermal burn and spinal cord injuries eliminate certain classes of antibiotics, primarily the aminoglycosides and /3-lactams, at unusually high rates compared with controls. Individuals undergoing cardiac bypass may have altered antibiotic disposition related to increased volume of distribution and reduced total-body clearance and thus require special dosing consideration. ... 

Acute GVHD prophylaxis regimens used in NMT are usually similar to those used in myeloablative alloHSCT. Some centers, however, have developed novel prophylactic regimens specifically for patients undergoing NMT. An example of such a regimen is cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil, which was developed based on pre-clinical studies. ... 

No prophylactic regimen has been proven to be clearly effective in the prevention of invasive mold infection, whether the species is As-pergillus or one of the newly emerging molds such as Fusarium, but itraconazole, voriconazole or one of the amphotericin preparations may provide some protection. 

Twenty-three patients have received a prophylactic regimen consisting of 25-40 lU kg administered three to four times per week four have followed an investigator-modified prophylactic regimen. No patient included in the interim analysis has followed an on-demand regimen. 

In the interim analysis, 13 of 27 patients enrolled in Part 2 had a total of 51 bleeding episodes, 49 of which occurred in patients receiving the standard prophylactic regimen. The majority of the 49 episodes (86%) required only one infusion, and... 

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