Methylstyrene, alpha polymers

PietUa H., Sivola A., Sheffer H., Cationic polymerization of beta-pinene, styrene and alpha-methylstyrene, J. Polym. Sci. A1 Polym. Chem., 8(3), 1970, 727-737. 

Can styrene be replaced with alpha-methylstyrene in polymer alloys where one constituent has styrene as a comonomer ... 

Ouhadi T, Fayt R, Jerome R, Teyssie Ph (1986) Molecular design of multicomponent polymer systems. 9. Emulsifying effect of poly(alpha-methylstyrene-h-methlyl methacrylate) in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(alpha-methylstyrene) blends. Polym Commun 27 212-215... 

Flory PJ, Orwoll RA, Vrij A (1964) Statistical thermodynamics of chain molecule liquids. I. An equation of state for normal paraffin hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 86 3507 3514 Nose T (1976) Theory of liquid liquid interface of polymer systems. Polym J 8 96 113 de Gennes P G (1977) Qualitative features of polymer demixtion. J Phys Lett 38 L441 L443 Ouhadi T, Fayt R, Jerome R, Teyssie Ph (1986) Molecular design of multicomponent polymer systems. 9. Emulsifying effect of poly(alpha methylstyrene b methlyl methacry late) in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(alpha methylstyrene) blends. Polym Commun 27 212 215... 

Song, J., Bodis, J., and Fhiskas, J.E. Direct functionalization of poly isobutylene by living initiation with alpha-methylstyrene epoxide, J. Polym. Set, Polym. Chem., 40, 1005, 2002. 

Polymers of alpha methylstyrene are usually low-molecular-weight and have the following repeating unit ... 

These polymers, which are commercially available, are not thermally stable and decompose to produce the monomer when heated. Copolymers of alpha methylstyrene with methyl methacrylate or styrene are transparent plastics with heat deflection temperatures greater than that of PS. 

There is some reason to expect that conversion of the anhydride to a half-ester might reduce the sensitivity of the copolymers. Hiraoka (10) determined the relative sensitivities of PMMA, PMA (polymethacrylic acid) and PMA AN (polymethacrylic anhydride) by measuring the gaseous products (CO, C02, and H2) given off when these polymers were exposed to electron beam radiation of 2.5 keV at 297 °K. He found that the G values (number of chemical events produced per 100 eV of absorbed radiation) for the removal of side groups are 2.0, 7.4 and 16 for PMMA, PMA and PMA AN, respectively. Anderson (11) found a similar relative order of sensitivity. For copolymers of methylmethacryate with 25% dimethylitaconate, 25% monomethyl itaconate or 25% itaconic acid (or anhydride) the G(s) values were 1, 2, 3, respectively. For the copolymer of alpha-methylstyrene and monomethyl maleate, on the other hand, we find an increase in sensitivity by a factor of 2.5 over the corresponding anhydride as described below. 

Cowie, JMG, Elexpuru EM and McEwen IJ (1992) Observation of restricted miscibility in binary blends of poly(styrene-.v a/-acrylonitrile) and poly(alpha-methylstyrene-.v/az-acrylonitrile). Polymer 33 1993-5. 

A polymer with an active carbanionic end will initiate the polymerization of a different monomer if the initial macroion is more nucleophilic than the anion formed from the second monomer in the particular solvent/counterion environment. Thus alpha-methylstyryl anion (9-1) will initiate the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (Fig. 1-4) but the poly(methyl methacrylate) carbanion will not initiate polymerization of alpha-methylstyrene. 

Morton, M., Kesten, Y, Fetters, L.F., 1974. Structure and properties of poly(alpha-methylstyrene-b-dimethylsiloxane-b-alpha-methylstyrene). Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem. 15, 175. 

In the case of styrene-cured unsaturated polyesters, these polymers showed increased quantities of toluene, ethylbenzene, and alpha-methylstyrene in their pyro-grams. Interestingly, dimer formation was not seen under these circumstances. It is believed that chlorine radicals participate to prohibit dimer formation through transfer reactions. The result of this reaction is the formation of phenylalkyl chlorides." ... 

The composition and microstracture of polymers in a latex system were studied by pyrolysis gas chromatography. The composition and microstructure of a polymer in the emulsion phase were identified by direct pyrolysis of the latex system, followed by comparing the trimer peak pattern with appropriate microstructure standards. The polymer in the aqueous phase was pre-pyrolysis derivatised with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to convert the acid to its butyl ester. Similar procedures were then used to explore the composition and microstructure of the polymer in the aqueous phase. Polymers analysed included SCX-2660 (probably a styrene-methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate terpolymer), styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer and styrene-alpha-methylstyrene-butyl acrylate terpolymer. 17 refs. 

Polymers with a peroxide bond are interesting since they are very reactive. They are used as fuels and initiators. Kishore and coworkers [61] analyzed PSOX, a poly (alpha-methylstyrene peroxide), by SEC and found Mr, = 2.5 kDa and M = 4.0 kDa. The MALDI spectrum of PSOX displayed an acceptable spectral quality, with more than 50 peaks, due to poly(alpha-methylstyrene peroxide) chains. However, the upper limit of the mass range is very low, about 3.0 kDa, and the strongest peaks fall at 1.5 kDa. It was quite apparent that MALDI strongly underestimates the molar mass averages. In fact, the calculation (Equations 45.1 and 45.2) yielded... 

Recently, two reports highlighted the use of MS/ MS to investigate fragmentation pathways of 4-alkyl-substituted PSs [90] and poly (alpha methylstyrene) [91]. The authors noted that the molar mass of the repeat unit is 118 g/mol for both polymers. This is an exceptional case. As a matter of fact, some common polymers obtained by poly addition are PS, PMMA, poly (butadiene), and poly(isoprene), and the LIr values do not superpose (they are 104,100,54, and 68 Da, respectively). 

Heat Vinyl polymers PVC, poly(alpha-methylstyrene)... 

Goh, Paul, and Barlow [10] found that an alpha-methylstyrene-acrylonitrile (AMS-AN) copolymer at 50 mole fraction AN formed miscible polymer blends with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and with poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA). AMS-AN copolymer did not form miscible blends with polyacrylates or polyvinyl acetate. The miscible blends were found to exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. 

In this paper we describe the preparation and the properties of the title triblock with a low vinyl-1,2 (or 3,4 in the case of polyisoprene) polydiene center block. Two different solvent systems were used as the media of polymerization. In the first system, the polydiene center block was prepared in cyclohexane. Alpha-methylstyrene (AMS) and a polar solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF) were then added. This was followed by a slow and continuous styrene addition to complete the end block preparation. In the second system, AMS itself was used as the solvent with no other solvent added. The second solvent system enabled us to use several different polymerization schemes. The center block could be prepared first to form a tapered or untapered triblock. The end block copolymer also could be prepared first and then the diblock and then coupled to form a tri- or a radial block polymer. Instead of coupling, more styrene could be added to complete the triblock. All these different routes of preparation were used in this work. 

The high sensitivity provided by supersonic beam spectrometry permitted the detection of minor species, thus styrene monomer is produced from poly alpha methylstyrene by cleavage of a methyl group and by proton rearrangement. Because the ablation is carried out at high temperatures it is possible to obtain results on thermally stable polymers such as poly-p-methyl styrene. The technique was applied to polystyrene foam, styrene-butadiene copolymers and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers. 

JP DeYoung, BE Kipp, HC Wei, JM DeSimone. A quantitative kinetic study of alpha-methylstyrene dimerization using Nation solid acid catalyst in supercritical carbon dioxide. Prepr—ACS Div Polym Chem 39(2) 833-834, 1998. 

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass spectroscopy were used to study the photo-oxidation of both poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (PMS) and polystyrene (PS) films which had been irradiated at different temperatures and with different radiation sources under an oxygen atmosphere. The oxidised films were treated with ammonia or sulphur tetrafluoride and photolysis carried out under vacuum. Photoproducts from both polymers were broadly similar, but aromatic ketone concentration was higher from the PMS and a new ketone was also identified from this source. Routes for formation of identified photoproducts are proposed. 13 refs. 

Gaur, U., Wunderlich, B. Study of microphase separation in block co-polymers of styrene and alpha-methylstyrene in the glass-transition region using quantitative thermal-analysis. Macromolecules 13(6), 1618-1625 (1980)... 

Poly(vinyl toluene-cr)-alpha- vinyltoluene polymer cc-Methylstyrene-vinyltoluene 9017-27-0... 

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