Methylolated acrylamide

Other crosslinking reactions may be triggered by a catalyzed reaction between different units of a copolymerized functional monomer, such as A -methylol acrylamide or a copolymerized silane compound [86]. 

Monomers like N-methylol acrylamide or N-methylol methacrylamide [1081] also have been suggested. Inhibitors can be phenol derivatives [1079] such as N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine salt [1179]. 

N-methylol acrylamide or N-methylol methacrylamide can be polymerized with peroxides to obtain plugging [1079,1080]. Suitable inhibitors may be used as retarders of the polymerization process to ensure sufficient pot life time. The components are in the form of a preemulsion. 

Bonardi, C., Christou, Ph., Llauro-Darricades, M.E., Guillot, J., Guyot, A. and Pichot, C., 1989, Polymer Latex III International Conference, Characterization of Acrylic Latexes Functionalized by N-Methylol Acrylamide, 6/1-6/14, Plastics and Rubber Institute, London. 

Haas) and I(-( hydroxymethyl)acrylamlde (IJ-methylol acrylamide, American Cyanamld) were used without purification. Acetonitrile was dried over molecular sieves (4A) and distilled prior to use. Ethanolamlne and l-amlno-2-propanol were vacuum distilled. Reagent grade acryloyl chloride, 2-propanol, and sodium persulfate were used as received. 

Acrylonitrile N-methylol acrylamide Acrylamide Ethylene sulfonic acid Allyl sulfonic acid Crosslinker (3) Semicrystalline polymers (2)... 

Crosslinking monomers include N-methylol acrylamide, acrylamide, further, acrylamidobutyraldehyde, dimethyl acetal, diethyl... 

In order to overcome the reactivity ratio problem of AA, the use of acrylic monomers, such as -butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, N-methylol acrylamide, and acrylamide have been suggested (14,15). Also, the use of water insoluble comonomers based on acrylamide has been described (16). 

The literature reports direct grafting by gamma-rays exposure of Nylon fibers or films to the following monomers carbon monoxide (/65), ethylene (157), propylene (157), acetylene (166), butadiene (157.162,163), styrene (158, 161,163,167,168), vinyl chloride (157,163), vinyl fluoride (169-172), vinyl acetate (161,163,173), vinyl propionate (161), vinyl butyrate (161), vinyl crotonate (161), vinyl 2-ethyl hexanoate (161), acrylic add (173,174), methyl acrylate (162, 163), ethyl acrylate (162,163), allyl acrylate (163), methyl methacrylate (28,161, 163,164), butyl methacrylate (161), acrylamide (158), methylol acrylamide (163), acrylonitrile (157,160-163, 167, 175-179), divinyl sulfone (161), vinyl pyridine (167,173), vinyl pyrrolidone (28) and triallyl cyanurate (158). 

Methyl-5-vinyl pyridine (149) 2-Methyl-5-vinyl pyridinium acetate (110) Methylol acrylamide (163)... 

High mobility hydrophilic interfacial polymer chain will expand in the aqueous phase and therefore exhibit narrow lines in the NMR spectrum. The N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) in the functionalised butyl acrylate latex showed narrower carbonyl line than that of butyl acrylate [132]. The concentration of these hydrophilic groups is affected by the monomer concentration of NMA and also the timing of the addition of the monomer during the reaction. 

Wu and Schork [152] compared batch and semibatch and mini- and macroemulsion polymerization for three monomer systems, VAc/BA, VAc/dioctyl maleate (DOM) and VAc/n-methylol acrylamide (NMA), with large differences in reactivity ratios and water solubilities. HD was used as the costabilizer. (It should be noted that DOM could function as a costabilizer itself, but for the sake of consistency, HD was added to the DOM polymerizations.) KPS and the... 

Typically, polymers of these acrylic and methacryUc esters are produced as copolymers with other acrylic and vinyl monomers. For example, acrylonitrile is often added to impart additional water and solvent resistance. Other features that can be improved include abrasion resistance, adhesion, elasticity, flexibility and film hardness. Enhanced durability to laundering can be achieved by incorporating reactive, especially crosslinking, monomers such as A -methylol acrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylamide, acrylic and methacrylic acid. Optimisation of polymer properties with the large variety of available monomers leads to near endless combinations of copolymers that are limited only by the imagination of the chemist and by the reality of the cost-efficiency ratio. 

Fyrol 76 is a reactive, curable flame retardant for textiles, in p>articular for cotton fabric (27, 28), vhere it co-reacts with N-methylol-acrylamide in the presence of a free radical catalyst such as a persulfate. In the 70 s the applicatiai of Fyrol 76 was one of the most oommcxi methods to obtain flame-proof cotton, vhich was utilized, for example, by Cone Mills CorpxDration for the manufacture of flame-proof p>ajamas for children. 

Aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solutions containing 5-20% N-methylol-acrylamide and a triarylsulfonium salt are film cast onto a substrate and dried. On irradiation, the free radical polymerization of the N-methylolacrylamide proceeds rapidly. 

A widely used self-condensable monomer is N-methylol acrylamide. This monomer undergoes a self-condensation reaction as well as reactions with hydroxyl and carboxyl moieties. The methylol functional groups can also react with epoxides or other methylol or methylol ether groups. Typically, N-methylol acrylamide is employed at concentrations of 3-7 wt% in latex coatings formulations [Daniels and Klein, 1991]. 

Vinyl esters Resorcinol N-methylol acrylamide Woodworking adhesives Mudge et al. V.S. Pat., 5,434,216, 1995 National Starch... 

Acrylic ester PVC Polymer 3 melamine formaldehyde N-methylol acrylamide Water-based coating Leeson and Ludwig V.S. Pat., 4,007,147, 1977 Goodrich... 

SBR PVC N-methylol acrylamide in SBR-based latex Heat sealable PVC films Wietsma and Stam U.S. Pat., 5,166,269, 1992 BASF... 

Poly(vinyl halide) Acrylic N-methylol acrylamide in acrylic Dielectric sealing Yannich and Katz U.S. Pat., 4,684,689, 1989 National Starch... 

MAJOR USES Production of polyacrylamide polymers used as a chemical intermediate in the production of N-methylol acrylamide and N-butoxyacrylamide absorbent in disposable diapers, medical products and agricultural products sugar beet juice clarification adhesives printing ink emulsion stabilizers thickening agents for agricultural sprays. 

MVE/MAh prepolymers are post-esterified with a surfactant in water above the CMC. Curable thickeners eure claimed which contain 5-35 % of an alkyl methylol acrylamide. Ethylene/MAh prepolymers are post-esterified with a surfactant in water. 

Batch emulsion copolymerization of VAc and BuA was carried out using a nonionic emulsifier (30 mol ethoxylated nonylphenol, NP 30), a new oligomeric stabilizator (N-methylol acrylamide, AMOL), Nopco-1497 as antifoam agent, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator by changing monomer ratios from 100 0 to 0 100 for VAc BuA in the loop reactor. The monomer ratio of VAc and BuA were changed in the copolymerization (VAc BuA 100 0, 90 10, 75 25, 60 40, 50 50, 40 60, 25 75, 10 90 and 0 100) at 70°C and 400 rpm constant stirring rate in the loop reactor. Some detailed information about loop reactor was given in literature... 

Studies on a reactive PVA copolymer (commercial vinyl alcohol), vinyl acetate copolymers stabilized by A-methylol acrylamide, and unreactive PVA homopolymer emulsions have shown that the resistance of these materials to cold- and boiling-water immersion tests can be improved considerably by the addition of zirconium oxychloride, zirconium-hydroxychloride, and zirconium-nitrate. These improvements in water resistance are considered to occur in the former cases by interaction between polynuclear... 

The following formulation illustrates the use of a redox initiator in a batch process. Also, the introduction of A-methylol acrylamide increases the molecular weight and chain cross-linking, minimizing the thermoplastic properties of the adhesive and the tendency to cold flow. 

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