Methyl-r-butyl ether

All of the above high-volume organic chemicals are obtained from petroleum or natural gas. This is why the modern organic chemical industry is frequently referred to as the petrochemical industry. The high-volume status of some of these compounds is due to their use to make others lower on the list. For example, ethylene is used to make ethylene dichloride, which, in turn, is used to make vinyl chloride. Ethyl benzene, made from benzene and ethylene, is used to make styrene. Methyl r-butyl ether is made from methanol and butylene, a captive intermediate for which production data is not available. 

Polynaphta Essence A process for making a linear olefin fraction for making methyl r-butyl ether to use as a fuel additive. Developed by IFP in 1996 replacing UOP s Catpoly process. 

Acetic acid Methyl r-butyl ether Phenol... 

However, care must be exercised in using molecular sieves for drying organic liquids. Appreciable amounts of impurities were formed when samples of acetone, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and methyl-r-butyl ether were dried in the liquid phase by contact with molecular sieves 4A (Connett Lab.Practice 21 545 1972). Other, less reactive types of sieves may be more suitable but, in general, it seems desirable to make a preliminary test to establish that no unwanted reaction takes place. For the principles of synthesis and identification see R. Szostak Molecular Sieves, Chapman Hall, London 1988, and for structure, synthesis and properties see R.Szostak Handbook of Molecular Sieves, Chapman Hall 1992. 

This alcohol can be reacted with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to produce methyl-r-butyl ether. Although it is currently cheaper to make Ao-butyl alcohol from Ao-butcne (Ao-butylene), it can be synthesized from syngas with alkali-promoted zinc oxide catalysts at temperatures above 400°C (750°F). 

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (methyl-r-butyl ether, MTBE boiling point 55°C, flash point -30°C) has excited considerable interest because it is a good octane enhancer for gasoline (it blends as if it had a research octane number of 115 to 135). It also offers a method of selectively removing isobutylene from a mixed C4 stream, thus enabling the recovery of high-purity butene-1. Furthermore, methyl tertiary butyl ether can be isolated, then cracked to yield highly pure iso-butylene and methanol. 

The reaction for making methyl-r-butyl ether proceeds quickly and highly selectively by reacting a mixed butene-butane fraction with methyl alcohol in the liquid phase on a fixed bed of an acidic ion-exchange resin catalyst (Fig. 1). 

For NPLC, the three solvents selected were the same as those recommended by Snyder, except that methyl-r-butyl ether is substituted for ethyl ether. The (nonpolar) carrier solvent recommended is hexane, and the stationary phase is silica. 

Etherol A process for making oxygenated fuels (e.g., methyl r-butyl ether) from C4 to C6 hydrocarbons by reacting them with methanol over an acid resin catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor under mild conditions. Developed by BP with Erdoel Chemie and first used in a refinery at Vohburg, Germany, in 1986. Four units were operating and one was under construction in 1988. 

Salanitro J. P., Diaz L. A., Williams M. P., and Wisniewski H. L. (1994) Isolation of a bacterial culture that degrades methyl r-butyl ether. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60(7), 2593-2596. 

Methyl r-butyl ether (CHjOQCHj),) 52 A new solvent that is very inexpensive because of its large-scale industrial use as an antiknock agent in gasoline. Does not easily form peroxides. 

Fig. 3 Chromatograms obtained by pH zone-refining CCC. (A) Separation of CBZ(Z) dipeptides. Experimental conditions are as follows apparatus type-J multilayer CPC (PC Inc., Potomac, MD, USA) with a 10-cm revolution radius column multilayer coil, 1.6-mm ID, 325 mL capacity solvent system methyl tert-h xiy ether/acetonitrile/water (2 2 3), 16 mM TEA in organic phase (pH 1.83), and 5.5 mM NH3 in aqueous phase (pH 10.62) sample eight CBZ(carbobenzyloxy) dipeptides as indicated in the chromatogram, each 100 mg in 50 mL of solvent (25 mL in each phase) flow rate 3.3 mL/hr in head-to-tail elution mode detection 206 nm revolution 800 rpm retention of stationary phase 65.1%. (B) Separation of bacitracin complex. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that two major components, bacitracins A and B, were isolated in peaks 3 and 5, respectively. Experimental conditions are as follows apparatus and column same as above solvent system methyl r -butyl ether/ acetonitrile/water (4 1 5), 40 mM triethylamine, 10% DEHPA in the organic stationary phase, and 20 mM HCl in aqueous mobile phase flow rate 3 mL/min sample 5 g of bacitracin dissolved in 40 mL of solvent (20 mL in each phase) revolution 800 rpm detection 280 nm.

The world propylene production capacity based on the use of catalytic dehydrogenation of propane has increased steadily over the past lOyr and is expected to grow even further under the right economic conditions relative to the availability and pricing of pro-pane. On the other hand, environmental concerns on the use of methyl-/ r/-butyl ether (MTBE), an oxygenated gasoline additive, are expected to adversely impact the future expansion of isobutane dehydrogenation applications. 

Several hundred reactions are reported to be catalyzed by lERs with good selectivities. Many of these have been commercialized, and many more hold promise of future commercialization. Those commercialized are mainly medium to large volume chemicals, for example, methyl-r-butyl ether, r-butanol, bisphe-nol A, isopropyl esters, alkylphenols, and /-amyl methyl ether. 

This is a second-order reaction because methoxide ion is a strong base as well as a strong nucleophile. It attacks the alkyl halide faster than the halide can ionize to give a first-order reaction. No substitution product (methyl r-butyl ether) is observed, however. The S s 2 mechanism is blocked because the tertiary alkyl halide is too hindered. 

The area under a peak is proportional to the number of hydrogens contributing to that peak. For example, in the methyl r-butyl ether spectrum (Figure 13-19), the absorption of the r-butyl protons is larger and stronger than that of the methoxyl protons because there are three times as many r-butyl protons as methoxyl protons. We cannot simply compare peak heights, however the area under the peak is proportional to the number of protons. 

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