Research octane numbers

There are two standard procedures for determining the octane numbers Research or FI and the Motor or F2 methods. The corresponding numbers are designated as RON (Research Octane Number) and MON (Motor Octane Number) which have become the international standard. 

ASTM 90% point, F Octane number. Research method ... 

Example 4-11. Two Component Blends. Forty per cent of thermally cracked gasoline of 77 octane number (Research) is to be blended with 60 per cent of 57 octane straight-run gasoline. 

Table 4-19. Computation of Clear Octane Number (Research) of...

Measurement of octane numbers is carried out using a reference motor called CFR (Cooperative Fuel Research), referring to a series of studies conducted in 1928 in the United States in order to standardize the methods for characterizing motor fuels. 

As a complementary process to reforming, isomerization converts normal paraffins to iso-paraffins, either to prepare streams for other conversions nCi —> /C4 destined for alkylation or to increase the motor and research octane numbers of iight components in the gasoiine pooi, i.e., the C5 or Cs-Ce fractions from primary distillation of the crude, or light gasoline from conversion processes, having low octane numbers. 

RON = research octane number MON = motor octane number. 

The CER engine is operated at two conditions to simulate typical on-road driving conditions. The less severe condition measures research octane number (RON) the more severe one measures motor octane number (MON). Table 1 summarizes the operating conditions for each test. 

Parameter Research octane number (ASTM D2699) Motor octane number (ASTM D2700)... 

The octane number requirement (ONR) of a car is the octane number which causes barely audible, ie, trace knock when driven by a trained rater. The Coordinating Research Council (CRC), a research organi2ation funded joindy by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA), has defined test procedures for measuring ONR. Each car is driven under a set of light and heavy accelerations until the most sensitive driving mode is determined. Then a series of fuels is mn in the car until trace knock is determined. Each year, CRC members measure ONR of more than 100 cars and pubHsh the results. 

Butylenes. Butylenes are the primary olefin feedstock to alkylation and produce a product high in trimethylpentanes. The research octane number, which is typically in the range of 94—98, depends on isomer distribution, catalyst, and operating conditions. 

The cumene product is 99.9 wt % pure, and the heavy aromatics, which have a research octane number (RON) of 109, can either be used as high octane gasoline-blending components or combiaed with additional benzene and sent to a transalkylation section of the plant where DIPB is converted to cumene. The overall yields of cumene for this process are typically 97—98 wt % with transalkylation and 94—96 wt % without transalkylation. 

Saturation of olefins other than reactive olefins usually is not desired. The added hydrogen is often expensive or useful elsewhere, and it does not provide any real improvement in product quality. Acmally, product quality may be reduced in the case of gasolines. Research octane number losses may be correlated with increasing olefin saturation. So in many cases, hydrodesulfurization conditions are selected with an eye toward minimizing olefin saturation over and above that needed for product quality improvement. There is one exception saturation of certain olefins shows substantial improvements in Motor octane number. This is true for iso- and n-pentenes and to a lesser extent for higher boiling isoolefins. The higher n-olefins show octane losses upon saturation. 

Volume of olefin/(volume of ionic liquid.hour). i-C = 2,2- and 2,3-dimethylbutanes, i-Cg = isooctanes, TMP trimethylpentanes, = hydrocarbon products with more than eight carbon atoms, Light ends = hydrocarbon products with fewer than eight carbon atoms, RON = research octane number, MON = motor octane number... 

The product is a mixmre of dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers having an average RON (Research Octane Number) = 95. Table 3-14 shows the analysis of feed and products from dimerization of propylene. ... 

The concentration of the ZSM-5 additive should be greater than 1% of the catalyst inventory to see a noticeable increase in the octane. An octane boost of one research octane number (RON) will typically require a 2% to 5% ZSM-5 additive in the inventory. It should be noted that the proper way of quoting percentage should be by ZSM-5 concentration rather than the total additive because the activity and attrition rate can vary from one supplier to another. There are new generations of ZSM-5 additives that have nearly twice the activity of the earlier additives. 

Two octane numbers are routinely used to simulate engine performance the research octane number (RON) simulates gasoline performance under low severity ( 600 rpm and 120°F (49°C) air temperature), whereas the motor octane number (MON) reflects more severe conditions ( 900 rpm and 300°F (149°C) air temperature). At the pump, road octane, which is the average of RON and MON, is reported. 

Increase in the reactor temperature. In general, one research octane number increase per 17°F (10°C) increase in the reactor temperature. 

Research Octane Number (RON) is a quantitative measure of a fuel to knocking, simulating the fuel s performance under low engine severity (at 600 rpm and 120°F). 

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