Methyl methacrylate blend polymer coating

Tlie use of polymer blends has been a very important approach in the development of new materials for evolving applications, as it is less costly than developing new polymers. The compatibility of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with various polymers has been comprehensively evaluated and has led to useful applications in coatings and films. Poly(methyl methacrylate) has been the most studied compatible polymer with PVDF owing to cost and performance advantages. Other acrylic polymers such as poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methyl acrylate), and poly(ethyl acrylate) have also been found to be compatible with PVDF. ... 

Carboxylated polyesters were prepared by extending hydroxyl-terminated polyester segments with dianhydrides. Carboxylated polyesters which were soluble in common lacquer solvents were effective in improving the adhesion of coatings on a variety of substrates when 1-10% was blended with cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, bisphenol polycarbonates, and other soluble polymers. 

In this section, the future developments will be discussed that might be expected in commercial polymer blends comprising at least one of the constituents from the class of commodity polymers. Generally, the commodity polymers considered include polyethylene (and variants LDPE, HOPE, LLDPE, VLDPE and ethylene copolymers), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR and EPDM), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), ABS, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Elastomeric polymers commonly used in tire and associated applications are important in polymer blends as many tire component constructions employ polymer blends to maximize performance. However, these will not be considered here. Thermosetting polymers which could be classified as commodity polymers (urethane, phenolics, epoxies) will also not be covered, but will be mentioned in a later section discussing new polymer blends designed for specific applications (e.g., water based coatings). 

Coatings with Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers. Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, is the only conventional thermoplastic fluoropolymer that is used as a commercial product for weather-resistant paints. This crystalline polymer is composed of -CHjCFj- repeating units it is soluble in highly polar solvents such as dimethyl-formamide or dimethylacetamide. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) is usually blended with 20 30 wt% of an acrylic resin such as poly(methyl methacrylate) to improve melt flow behavior at the baking temperature and substrate adhesion. The blended polymer is dispersed in a latent solvent (e.g., isophorone, propylene carbonate, dimethyl phthalate). The dispersion is applied to a substrate and baked at ca. 300 °C for ca. 40-70 s. The weather resistance of the paints exceeds 20 years [2.16]-[2.18]. 

The membrane surfaces have also been grafted or coated with polyacrylamide, poly(acrylic acid) [70, 71], poly(vinyl alcohol) and cellulose derivatives [72]. Another possibility for improving the membrane properties is the use of polymer blends. Blends of PVDF/PVP [73, 74], PVDF/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [75], PVDF/sulfonated polystyrene [76], PVDF/poly(vinyl acetate) [77] and PVDF/ poly(methyl methacrylate) [78] have been used in the preparation of micropor-ous membranes. 

Common matrix resins for blending with conducting polymers are widely used in traditional anticorrosion coatings, such as epoxy resin [25, 27, 32, 34, 68, 70, 71, 76], polyacrylic-based resin [24, 39, 48, 77, 78], and poly(methyl methacrylate) [30, 60, 62, 64]. The feature of matrix resin as well as the amount of ICPs is important to the anticorrosion performance of conductive composite coating. Samui and Phad-nis [67] blended various amounts of dioctyl phosphate (DOPH)-doped PANI with different polymeric matrices (epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, styrene-butyl acrylate... 

Fig.18 Height (AFM) and friction (LFM) images of a spin-cast polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer blend [PS/PMMA (1 10 w/w)], obtained with (a) gold-coated and (b) SiO tips under perfluorodecalin. (Reprinted with permission from [125]. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society)...

As pointed out previously, poly(ethylene terephtha-late) is also largely used in the production of fibers, but this polymer has been blended with conductive polymers only in the form of films. In one study a poly(ethylene terephthalate) film was used as support for the preparation of a blend of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polypyrrole [90]. The poly(ethylene terephthalate) film coated with poly(methyl methacrylate) was immersed in pure pyrrole monomer and transferred to an aqueous FeCl3 solution. Surface conductivities in the range of 100 S cm were... 

Acrylic polyesters are also used by the polymer industry to produce fibers. However, the blends and composites of this class of polymers with conductive polymers were systematically prepared in the form of films One of the first attempts involved the electrochemical polymerization of 3-methylthiophene using an electrolyte solution containing poly(methyl methacrylate) [92]. By this method poly(methyl methacrylate) is codeposited on the electrode with the conductive polymer, forming a self-supported film. The conductivity of the film on the electrode side was two orders of magnitude higher than on the electrolyte side. Cyclic voltammetry and the visible spectra of the blend reproduce exactly the curves for the pure conductive polymer. This one-step synthesis is an alternative to the electrode coating method, provided that the insulating polymer host is soluble in the electrolyte solution. 

Other recent applications of ToF-SIMS without XPS include the examination of PS [6, 17-19], polyethylene (PE) [20], carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resins [21], polyalkyl methacrylates [22], alkylketene dimers [23], perfluorinated polymers [24], perflnorinated ethers [25], polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomers [15, 25-29], rubber [30], ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer [30], Nylon-6 [31], PC [32,33], PDMS [34], polypyrrole coated PS [35], poly-p-phenylene vinylene [36], butyl rubber [37], poly(4-vinyl phenol)/poly(4-vinyl pyridine blends) [38], polypyrrole-silica gel composites [39], y-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane [40], triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)- 3 poly(phenylene ethylene)- 3 poly(ethylene glycol) [41], ethylene-terephthalate-hydroxybenzoate copolymer [42], PS-polyvinyl methyl ether, polycarbonate - PS blends [43] and PDMS-urethane [44],... 

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