Methane chemical products from

Relatively small amounts of methane, ethane, and propane also are produced as by-products from petroleum processes, but these usually are consumed as process or chemical feedstock fuel within the refineries. Some propane is recovered and marketed as LPG. 

For the first decades, all roadmaps show a focus on fossil-based hydrogen production options, mainly onsite and decentral steam methane reformers (SMR), electro-lysers and hydrogen as a by-product from the chemical industry. In some regions, hydrogen is also produced to a certain extend by nuclear, electrolysis, biomass and waste gasification. Later on, with a significant increase of hydrogen, the production... 

Name another possible carbon-containing product from the incomplete combustion of methane. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 

Models have been developed to evalnate natnral gas production from hydrates by both depressnrization and heating methods. There are three methods to obtain methane from gas hydrates (1) the depressurization method, (2) the thermal stimulation method, and (3) the chemical inhibition method. The thermal stimulation method and the chemical inhibitor injection method are both costly procedmes, whereas the depressurization method may prove useful when applied to more than one production. 

More recently, there has been much concern about the possible effects of the mineral matter in coal on processes used to convert coal to other fuels such as gasification, liquefaction, and production of clean solid fuels. Not only is removing and disposing of the mineral matter a problem, but also the possible chemical effects such as catalyst poisoning, which might be expected in the methanation of gas from coal, should be considered. 

Formaldehyde production from natural gas is one of the most promising directions in modem chemical industry. However, the industrial realization of producing formaldehyde from methane is hampered by severe disadvantages, among which the most important are the low yields of the target product and multiple side reaction products. Therefore, the task in hand is the development of direct selective oxidation of methane to formaldehyde without formation of admixtures, which require additional thorough purification. 

Large-scale production of hydrogen for fuel and chemicals starts from fossil fuels, typically by methane steam reforming (MSR) and WGS processes. 

James Wei Thermodynamics in service to oil and gas and commodity chemicals is a very successful model. It s a mature technology on the S curve. The problem is to know the material properties in very great detail so we can optimize each percent improvement in efficiency, which represents a lot of money. Early in his lecture, Keith mentioned new materials and speciality chemicals. In these applications, we re going into a different mode, and a different type of a commitment is needed. For instance, many biotechnology products and some of the microstructured fluids and solids are produced in very small volume, they have a short product cycle, and we cannot be assured that the same product will still be produced ten years from now. It s important to get these specialty chemical products on the market speedily. Because they are produced in very small volume, we cannot afford large amounts of time or research money. Let s say that one percent of the sales volume is a reasonable research dollar. Instead of methane,... 

Almost three thousand organic chemical products are currently derived from petrochemical sources. The commercial syntheses for all these products, however, can be traced back to one of six logical starting points. Consequently, this chapter has been subdivided according to the six major raw material sources chemicals derived from methane, those from ethylene, propylene, C4s, higher aliphatics, and the aromatics. 

Figures A.4 and A.5 were drawn initially in the pursuit of a calculation route for the chemical exergy of methane. For that purpose the two equilibrium diagrams each provide a reversible route to power production from methane. Each process gave a confidence-raising, similar answer for the chemical exergy of methane.

This chapter concentrates on the possibility of producing SCP from petrochemical feed stocks, such as n-paraffin, methane, or methanol. Between 1960 and 1980, the idea to produce SCP from crude oil sources found a lot of attention and several large-scale plants with capacities of several 100,00 tons/year were built, for instance in southern Italy. Hopes were high at the time, but the development made only slow progress. One of the reasons could be the choice of the location, which is far away from both, the source of the feedstock and the consumers of the product. Another is that oil and natural gas are expensive feed stocks, because they also have other uses. Anyway, the technology for protein production from chemicals exists and may be applied with more success in other areas of the world, where more favorable starting conditions exist. 

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