Organic chemicals, production

According to the U.S. International Trade Commission s Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Production and Sales, 1987, the three manufacturers of diphenylamine are Rubicon, Inc., Aristech Chemical Corp., and Uniroyal Chemical Co. No production figures have been given siace 1974, but U.S. production ia the range of 5,000—10,000 t/yr appears reasonable. 

United States International Trade Commission, Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Production and Sales, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1987. 

Synthetic organic chemical production is approximately 200 billion pounds per year. " There are more than 8 million known organic compounds, and of these, the compounds that are commercially produced are too numerous to mention. Only a brief overview of commercially produced syntlietic organic chemicals can be given here. 

Organic Chemicals Production Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich. 48640... 

Table 1.3(a). Organic chemical production in the USA (2001) along with average annual change over the ten years 1991-2001 (source Chemical ej Engineering News, June 24, 2002)... 

Regarding their organization, chemical products can be classified between those in which their properties are the sum of the components properties, and in which some of their properties are properties of the product as a whole. In the first group, there are products that do not depend on the structure and interaction of each component. In the second group, we can identify those that depend on that structure. Finally, we can classify the products, taking into consideration whether or not there is complementary with the environment. 

Uses. Production of chlorinated organic chemicals production of dyes and dye intermediates steel pickling oil well acidizing operations to dissolve subsurface dolomite or limestone formed during thermal decomposition ofPVC... 

Figure 3. World organic chemical production in 1991. (Reproduced from ref. 6. Copyright 1991 American Chemical Society.)...

Selective oxidation of small abundant hydrocarbons is the most important type of reaction in organic chemicals production. For example, essentially all building blocks for the manufacture of plastics and synthetic fibers are produced by oxidation of hydrocarbons [129], Among these, oxidations by molecular oxygen play a particularly important role [130,131], A key problem is the product specificity in the reactions of hydrocarbon with 02 here, photoassisted processes hold special promise. Photoinitiated reactions of 02 furnish access to products that in many cases cannot be obtained by a dark reaction of 02. Moreover, photochemical reactions can be conducted at or around ambient temperature, thus minimizing the chance for loss of product specificity due to secondary thermal chemistry of the initial products. 

Total Synthetic Organic Chemical Production, Pounds per Year... 

Almost three thousand organic chemical products are currently derived from petrochemical sources. The commercial syntheses for all these products, however, can be traced back to one of six logical starting points. Consequently, this chapter has been subdivided according to the six major raw material sources chemicals derived from methane, those from ethylene, propylene, C4s, higher aliphatics, and the aromatics. 

The fast fluidized bed reactor can offer several considerable advantages over alternative reactors for many catalytic and non-catalytic reactions, especially for very fast exothermic/endothermic reactions. With the mushrooming of high activity catalysts and the ever increasing pressure for energy conservation, environmental controls, etc., FFB can play more and more important roles in these areas. More potential commercial applications of FFB in the near future include hydrocarbon oxidations, ammoxidation, gasoline and olefines production by concurrent downflow FFB and basic operation for organic chemical productions. 

Like most chemical industries in India, organic chemical production was in its infancy at the time of independence. There were a number of plants engaged in coke manufacture, particularly for the steel industry. However, in only a few were the valuable coal tar by-products recovered. In the mid-1950s when the production of benzyl hexachloride (BHC) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDT) was started, the demand for benzene went up steeply and the coke ovens used in the public sector steel plants were rearranged so as to recover by-product organic chemicals. 

One of the Tariff Commission s reports which is very valuable to chemists is Synthetic Organic Chemicals, U.S. Production and Sales. It is an annual volume which comprises three major sections chemical raw materials, cyclic intermediates, and finished synthetic organic chemical products. The most recent report (Report 206, Second Series) may be purchased from GPO for 1. 

Table 4.1 Bioassay results (toxic threshold values in TUs) before (B) and after (A) biodegradation of five effluent samples, each representing one of the following industrial sectors (1) organic chemical production (2) inorganic chemical production (3) pulp and paper (4) metal plating (5) textile (Costan et al., 1993, pp. 133-5). 

Uses 0-anisic acid is used as an intermediate for dyes, photographic chemicals, medicine, and other organic chemical products. It is also used as an insect repellent and ovicide. Sometimes o-anisic acid is used as a substitute for /(-anisic acid. Japan uses good quantities of the product. Global demand has been estimated at 100 tpa. 

Organic chemicals production statistics are collected, compiled, and published monthly and annually by the United States Tariff Commission. The monthly report is... 

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