Medium-vinyl butadiene rubber

Retrospective View of Vinyl-BR Properties In the 1950s, the Phillips Petroleum Company and the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company started commercial production of polybutadienes by organolithium polymerization for use in tyres. These solution BRs, having low vinyl contents (8-10%), were used in blends with emulsion SBR in tyre treads for balancing traction and wear performance properties. In the early 1970s when styrene monomer was in short supply, developments from Phillips Petroleum Company and EniChem (formerly the International Synthetic Rubber Company) showed that vinyl-BRs with 50-55% vinyl content behaved like emulsion polymerized SBR in tyre tread formulations and exhibited very similar tread wear and wet skid resistance. Tread compounds containing 45%-vinyl polybutadiene showed lower heat build-up and better blow-out resistance than E-SBR and blends of E-SBR with cw-BR. EniChem introduced trial quantities of a medium-vinyl butadiene rubber (MVBR) under the name Intolene 50 in 1973. 

Polyarylate resin Polyarylether ketone resin Polyester carbonate resin Polyetherimide resin Polyethylene, chlorinated Polyethylene glycol Polyethylene, medium density Poly (p-methylstyrene) Poly (p-methylstyrene), rubber-modified Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyloxycarbonyl-2,6-naphthalenediylcarbonyl) resin Poly (oxy-p-phenylenesulfonyl-p-phenyleneoxy-p-phenyleneisopropylidene-p-phenylene) resin Poly (phenyleneterephthalamide) resin Polysulfone resin Poly (tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyvinylidene chloride Potassium sorbate Potato (Solanum tuberosum) starch Silica, colloidal Silicone Sodium N-alkylbenzenesulfonate Sodium bicarbonate Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Starch, pregelatinized Styrene/acrylates copolymer Styrene/butadiene polymer Styrene/DVB copolymer , 1,1 -Sulfonylbis (4-chlorobenzene) polymer with 4,4 -(1-methylethylidene) bis (phenol) and 4,4 -sulfonylbis (phenol) Synthetic wax Tapioca starch Tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether) copolymer Tocopherol Triglycidyl isocyanurate VA/crotonates copolymer Vinyl chloride/ethylene copolymer Wheat (Triticum vulgare) starch... 

Latex la- teks [NS latic. latex, from L. fluid] (1835) (pi lattices or latexes) n. (1) An emulsion of a polymeric substance in an aqueous medium. (2) The sap of the hevea (rubber) tree and other plants, or emulsions prepared from the same. Latices of interest to the coatings and plastics industry are based mainly on styrene-butadiene co-polymers, polystyrene, acrylics, and vinyl polymers and co-polymers. (3) Fine dispersion of rubber or resin, natural or synthetic, in water the synthetic is made by emulsion polymerization. Latex and emulsion are often used synonymously in the paint industry. Emulsified monomers once polymerized become solids or plasticized gel particles and not emulsions but aqueous suspensions. Lovell PA, El-Aasser MS (eds) (1997) Emulsion polymerization and emulsion polymers. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Martens CR (1964) Emulsion and water-soluble paints and coatings. Reinhold Publishing Co., New York. VanderhofF JW, Gurnee EE (1956) Motion picture investigation of polymer latex phenomena. TAPPI 39 (2) 71-77. VanderhofF JW, Tarkowski HL, Jenkins MC, Bradford EG (1966) Theoretical considerations of the interfacial forces involved in the coalescence of latex particles. J Macromol Chem 1 (2) 361-397. 

Latex adhesives consist of particles of polymers with diameters of the order of 1 pm suspended in an aqueous medium. Surfactant molecules such as anionic soaps, which are adsorbed on the surfaces of the particles, maintain the particles in solution and thereby stabilize the latex. Stabilization can also be gained by the presence of a soluble polymer in the aqueous phase. The volume fraction of the phases is about 50%. Current adhesives include the latices of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene random copolymer, polyvinyl acetate and its copolymers with ethylene and vinyl chloride. For any further information on polymer latices the reader is directed to the three volumes of Blackley (1997). 

Latex is a stable dispersion of a polymeric material (Table 8.13) in an essentially aqueous medium. An emulsion is a stable dispersion of two or more immiscible liquids held in suspension by small percentages of substances called emulsifiers. In the adhesives industry, the terms latex and emulsion are sometimes used interchangeably. There are three types of latex natural, synthetic, and artificial. Namral latex refers to the material obtained primarily from the rubber tree. Synthetic latexes are aqueous dispersions of polymers obtained by emulsion polymerization. These include polymers of chloroprene, butadiene-styrene, butadiene-acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl chloride, styrene, and vinylidene chloride. Artificial latexes are made by dispersing solid polymers. These include dispersions of reclaimed rubber, butyl rubber, rosin, rosin derivatives, asphalt, coal tar, and a large number of synthetic resins derived from coal tar and petroleum. ... 

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