Medical Inquiries

For a story of a similar psychiatric cure, see Spitzka s description of the recovery of a young man suffering from masturbatory insanity upon discovering the family plot to commit him to an insane asylum (Chapter 11). fRush solved the moral problem inherent in the physicians deception of the patient by asserting that the ends justify the means . . the deception [of the patient] would be a justifiable one if it served to cure him of his disease. (Rush, Medical Inquiries, p. 109.)... 

Benjamin Rush publishes his Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind, the first American textbook of psychiatry. He declares that terror acts powerfully on the body through the medium of the mind, and should be employed in the cure of madness and that masturbation causes seminal weakness, impotence, dysury, tabes dorsalis, pulmonary consumption, dyspepsia, dimness of sight, vertigo, epilepsy, hypochondriasis, loss of memory, manalgia, fatuity, and death. ... 

Benjamin Rush, Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind (i8ia). 

Rush, B. Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind (181s). Facsimile of the Philadelphia 18is Edition. Introduction by S. Bernard Wortis. New York Hafner Publishing Co., 1962. 

Sample job tasks (e.g., performance tests, simulations, work samples, and realistic job previews) assess performance and aptitude on particular tasks Medical inquiries and physical examinations, including psychological tests, assess physical or mental health ... 

Another dinoflagellate, Ffiesteria piscicida, has been responsible for large lesion fish kills in the United States. C. Gregory Smith, and Stanley I. Music, Pfiesteria in North Carolina The Medical Inquiry Continues, North Carolina Medical Journal (August 1998), http //www.junkscience.com/news3/music.htm. 

I Many of the details involve the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Under the ADA, an employer may not require a job apphcant to take a medical examination, to respond to medical inquiries, or to provide information about workers compensation claims before the employer makes a job offer. (See the discussion of ADA earher in this chapter.)... 

An employer may, however, condition a job offer on the satisfactory result of a post-offer medical examination or medical inquiry if this is required of all entering employees in the same job category. 

An employer may require medical examinations after employment begins only if they are job-related and consistent with business necessity. Employers may make post-employment medical inquiries in the following situations ... 

The needle stick log will help both employees and employers track all needle sticks to help identify problem areas. The log must be maintained to protect the confidentiality of the injured employee. In addition, employers must have a written Exposure Control Plan that is updated annually. During the annual review, inquiries must be made about new or prospective safer options. If new safer devices are available, they should be adopted for use in the agency. The new guidelines will help reduce needle stick injuries among health care workers and others who handle medical sharps. Safety engineered devices such as self-sheathing needles and needleless systems can be used. 

Easterbrock P, Beck EJ, Fisher M et al (1998) The use and cost of HIV service provision in England in 1996 Pharmacoeconomics 14 639-652 Edejer TT et al (2003) WHO guide to cost-effectiveness analysis, WHO, Geneva Farnham PG, Gorsky RD (1994) Costs to business for an HIV-infected worker. Inquiry 31 76-88 Flori YA, le VaUlant M (2004) Use and cost of antiretrovirals in France 1995-2000 an analysis based on the medical dossier on human immunodeficiency (release 2) database, Pharmacoeconomics 22 1061-1070... 

Hellinger FJ (1991) Forecasting the medical care costs of the HIV epidemic 1991-1994, Inquiry 28 213-215... 

Hellinger FJ (1992) Forecasts of the costs of medical care for persons with HIV 1992-1995, Inquiry 29 356-365... 

Undertake an Intensive Educational Program. A program of information on health benefits derived from the wise use of pesticides and the health hazards associated with their misuse is greatly needed. The educational facilities of the American Medical Association, consisting of ten professional journals and the lay publication, Today s Health, will be available to the committee. In addition, the inquiry service which is conducted by the various departments, councils, and bureaus of the American Medical Association will be coordinated in order that letters of committee interest will receive their mutual attention. 

The data contain a wealth of information. In this chapter we report the findings from five areas of inquiry (1) willingness to participate in genetic research (2) trust in various entities to perform genetic research (3) perceptions of the affordability of pharmacogenomic-based medications (4) concerns about the confidentiality of genetic information and (5) stability of views during the interview. 

Approved in 1981 as a table top sweetener and for dry foods, aspartame was permitted in carbonated soft drinks in 1983, and in 1996 its approval was extended to all foods and beverages. There has been controversy over the role a Public Board of Inquiry played in the approval process, but this has been discounted in reports by the American Medical Association (Council of Scientific Affairs, 1985) and Stegink (1987). Reports of adverse reactions began almost immediately after approval in the 1980s, and by mid-1984 more than 600 complaints had been received by the FDA. Reports of adverse reactions peaked in 1985, when over 1,500 complaints were received by ARMS, and have been declining since then. As of June 2000, ARMS had received a total of 7,335 complaints about aspartame, with 47% of complaints linked to diet soft drinks, followed by 27% of complaints attributed to table top sweeteners. All other product categories were mentioned in fewer than 10% of complaints. 

Foucault, like his French predecessor and mentor, Gaston Bachelard, paid particular attention to the primacy in history of discursive breaks and ruptures in knowledge or belief systems.3 In this and in Foucault s emphasis on the relative coercion that disciplines exercised on their practitioners, he made arguments already familiar to Anglo-American scholars acquainted with Kuhn s characterizations of "normal science" and the reasons for a scientific community s coherent outlook. However, unlike Kuhn, Foucault declined to dissect the so-called hard sciences as objects of inquiry, restricting himself to discourses and power relationships in the medical, biological, and social sciences.4 However, Foucault did see the potential in the application of his method for the destruction of the demarcation between scientific and nonscientific spheres of action and belief. 

The Drug Information Centre should always be available by telephone, but can also answer inquiries by mail, e-mail, Internet based formularies or by functions integrated into local technical systems, such as computerised medical records. 

Because of the potential arrythmogenic properties of clomipramine, it is usually not employed as a first-line agent in uncomplicated OCD. Its use mandates an evaluation of the pediatric patient s medical condition and cardiac status in particular. Baseline evaluation should include a systems review and inquiry regarding a personal or family history of heart disease. A history of nonfebrile seizures should also be noted but is not an absolute contraindication to clomipramine. If in doubt, a general pediatric examination to include auscultation of the heart and measurement of pulse and blood pressure is indicated. A baseline (pretreatment) electrocardiogram (EKG) should be requested. While changes in conduction intervals and heart rate may occur, these are rarely of clinical significance. The prudent practitioner will evaluate and document EKG parameters. 

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