Extractable matter

Specifications for soHd i7j -l,4-polyisoprenes are shown in Table 5 and include analyses for volatile matter, extractables, ash, and Mooney viscosity at 100°C. Standard method ASTM D1416 includes chemical analysis methods for volatile matter, extractables, and total ash, while ASTM D1646 includes Mooney viscosity (82). The Monsanto rheometer data for vulcanizates prepared by a standard recipe may also be specified. This formulation for vulcanizate (ASTM D3403) is mixed in a Banbury mixer in two passes with all but sulfur and accelerator added in first pass ... 

The liquid is filtered, and on extraction with ether yields some pipe-ronal (heliotropin), melting at 37°. The residual liquid is boiled with magnesium carbonate-, resinous matter extracted with ether, the liquid filtered and the acid set free by means of dilute sulphuric acid. Homopiperonylic acid crystallises out on evaporation, and forms fine needles melting at 127° to 128°. 

Extraktivstoff, Extraktstoff, m. extractive substance or matter, extractive. 

ISO 6427 (1992) describes the determination of matter extractable from plastics by organic solvents (conventional methods). Solvent extraction has been reviewed [59]. Few books are dedicated to the multifarious extraction methods in organic analysis [60]. 

Figure 1.1. Total and inorganic matter extracted from soil by water. Adapted from Schultze...

Organic solvents at STP and under supercritical conditions are the most common extractants for soil organic matter. Supercritical C02 and, to a lesser extent, N20 have also been used to extract both native and organic contamination from soil. Humus is extracted using aqueous solutions, but otherwise, water is rarely used to extract organic compounds from soil. A list of common soil organic matter extractants is given in Table 12.2. 

ISO 585 1990 Plastics - Unplasticized cellulose acetate - Determination of moisture content ISO 1061 1990 Plastics - Unplasticized cellulose acetate - Determination of free acidity ISO 1598 1990 Plastics - Cellulose acetate - Determination of insoluble particles ISO 1599 1990 Plastics - Cellulose acetate - Determination of viscosity loss on moulding ISO 1600 1990 Plastics - Cellulose acetate - Determination of light absorption on moulded specimens produced using different periods of heating ISO 1875 1982 Plastics - Plasticized cellulose acetate - Determination of matter extractable by diethyl ether... 

Organic matter extracted from earth materials usually is fractionated on the basis of solubility characteristics. The fractions commonly obtained include humic acid (soluble in alkaline solution, insoluble in acidic solution), fulvic acid (soluble in aqueous media at any pH), hymatomelamic acid (alcohol-soluble part of humic acid), and humin (insoluble in alkaline solutions). This operational fractionation is based in part on the classical definition by Aiken et al. (1985). It should be noticed, however, that this fractionation of soil organic matter does not lead to a pure compound each named fraction consists of a very complicated, heterogeneous mixture of organic substances. Hayes and Malcom (2001) emphasize that biomolecules, which are not part of humic substances, also may precipitate at a pH of 1 or 2 with the humic acids. Furthermore, the more polar compounds may precipitate with fulvic acids. 

Nasal Sprays Clarity, microbial bioburden, pH, particulate matter, unit spray medication content uniformity, droplet and/or particle size distribution, weight loss, pump delivery, microscopic evaluation of suspensions, particulate matter, extractables, leachables from plastic and elastomeric components of container closure and pump. 

Because of the small quantities of organic substances that could be separated from the indurated rock samples, their separation and characterization has been difficult. Most of the organic carbon of the rocks is in a form that cannot be extracted with petroleum solvents, mineral acids, or bases. Of the material that can be so extracted, three general types of substances predominate hydrocarbons, carbohydrate residues, and amino acid residues from protein. These occur in quantities of about 10-150 p.p.m. Other organic matter extracted by petroleum solvents, mineral acids, or bases appears, on the... 

It must be pointed out that the hydrometric and refractometric methods are often applied to determine, in liquids containing sugars, the total solid substances (dry matter, extract), considered as if they were wholly sugar. In such cases the results have naturally a purely conventional character. 

The residue (B) in the distilling flask may still contain a water-soluble, nonvolatile acid. Cool the acid solution, neutralise it with dilute sodium hydroxide solution to Congo red and evaporate to dryness on a water bath under reduced pressure (water pump). Heat a little of the residual salt (C) upon the tip of a nickel spatula in a Bunsen flame and observe whether any charring takes place. If charring occurs, thus indicating the presence of organic matter, extract the solid residue with 25 ml portions of hot absolute ethanol. Evaporate the ethano-lic extract and identify the material which remains. The residue (C) contains the sodium salt of a water-soluble, non-volatile acid, which may be characterised as the S-benzylisothiouronium salt. 

Tan, K. H., King, L. D., and Morris, H. D. (1971). Complex reactions of zinc with organic matter extracted from sewage sludge. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 35,748-752. 

Mopper, K., Stubbins, A., Ritchie, J. D., Bialk, H. M., and Hatcher, P G. (2007). Advanced instrumental approaches for characterization of marine dissolved organic matter Extraction techniques, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chem. Rev. 107,419-442. 

Organic matter extracted with 50% methanol increases during the EP (Yamanaka 1995a). This may be because of the increased solubility of the humus under the alkaline conditions as previously described. In contrast, water-soluble carbohydrates and phenolics decrease by the treatment. This maybe explained, at least partly, by the damage of plant roots that are known to exude water-soluble carbohydrates to soil (Yamanaka 2002). 

Khan, S. U. 1971. Distribution and characteristics of organic matter extracted from the black solonetzic and black chernozemic soils of Alberta The humic acid fraction. Soil Sci, 112 401. 

A more complete extraction " of polysaccharides was attempted by refluxing the soil for two 30-minute periods with 98 % formic acid containing lithium bromide. The organic matter extracted was precipitated by the addition of isopropyl ether and was redispersed in lithium chloride solution. The colored humic substances were then precipitated with hexadecyltri-methylammonium bromide, while the acidic and neutral polysaccharides were kept in solution by the lithium chloride. The possible degradative effects of hot formic acid on soil polysaccharides have not yet been investigated. 

Almost equally important, members of the organization can use the same files to prepare technical papers and books. Here the advantages are manifold subject classifications may be removed from the files one by one as needed and taken home or to the oflRce for individual use. In many cases, the article file suflBces for the work in question. However, the card file is available when more comprehensive coverage is needed. In essence, the card file is a portable condensation of Chemical Abstracts arranged by subject matter. Extraction of a subject classifica-... 

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