Materials overview

Organic materials used as active layers in optoelectronics can be divided into two major classes, molecular and polymeric. Molecular organic electronic materials are 

---

AN X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF PHOSPHORUS CONTAINING MATERIALS OVERVIEW ON METHODS ADVANCES AND ABILITIES... 

Figure 9-1. Materials overview a few sclcclcd conjugated polymers and Ihcir properties have been compiled and ihe following abbreviations arc used DO-PPP...Poly(2-decyloxy-l,4-phcnylcnc), EHO-PPP...Poly(2-(2 -elhylliexyloxy)-l,4-phcnylenc), CN-PPP... Poly(2-(6 -cyano-6 -incthyl-licplyloxy)-l,4-phcnylene), m-LPPP... methyl-substituted ladder-type Poly( 1,4-phenylcne), and PLQY=phololuinincs-ecncc quanluni yield.

P2N2 dianionic macrocycle, 1, 69 pyridinophane macrocycles, 1, 69 Macrolides, via ring-closing metathesis, 11, 239 Macromolecular materials overview, 12, 295-411 polymers (, see Polymers)... 

Significant accomplishments to date include the installation of decontamination capabilities at each of the 12 hospitals, decontamination and hazardous material overview training, drug and treatment reference cards for nuclear, biological, and chemical agents for both hospital and prehospital care providers, purchase of drugs to treat chemical agents, a plan for delivery and purchase of antibiotics, a hospital plan, a media plan, a mental health plan, and purchase of WMD equipment for law enforcement personnel. 

Other biological reference materials (overview, for details see Chai Chifang, 1993) ... 

Yavari, A.R., Mechanically prepared nanocrystalline materials (overview). Mater. Trans. JIM, 36 (2), 228-239, 1995. 

Microbial deterioration of materials -simulation, case histories and countermeasures Metallic materials -Overview) (in German)... 

Table 19.3 Gasket material overview with physical properties...

Abstract Basic principles of calorimetry coupled with other techniques are introduced. These methods are used in heterogeneous catalysis for characterization of acidic, basic and red-ox properties of solid eatalysts. Estimation of these features is achieved by monitoring the interaction of various probe molecules with the surface of such materials. Overview of gas phase, as well as liquid phase techniques is given. Special attention is devoted to coupled calorimetry-volumetry method. Furthermore, the influence of different experimental parameters on the results of these techniques is discussed, since it is known that they can significantly influence the evaluation of catalytic properties of investigated materials. 

A logical division is made for the adsorption of nonelectrolytes according to whether they are in dilute or concentrated solution. In dilute solutions, the treatment is very similar to that for gas adsorption, whereas in concentrated binary mixtures the role of the solvent becomes more explicit. An important class of adsorbed materials, self-assembling monolayers, are briefly reviewed along with an overview of the essential features of polymer adsorption. The adsorption of electrolytes is treated briefly, mainly in terms of the exchange of components in an electrical double layer. 

This chapter concludes our discussion of applications of surface chemistry with the possible exception of some of the materials on heterogeneous catalysis in Chapter XVIII. The subjects touched on here are a continuation of Chapter IV on surface films on liquid substrates. There has been an explosion of research in this subject area, and, again, we are limited to providing just an overview of the more fundamental topics. 

In this chapter many of the basic elements of condensed phase chemical reactions have been outlined. Clearly, the material presented here represents just an overview of the most important features of the problem. There is an extensive literature on all of the issues described herein and, more importantly, there is still much work to be done before a complete understanding of the effects of condensed phase enviromnents on chemical reactions can be achieved. The theorist and experimentalist alike can therefore look forward to many more years of exciting and challenging research in this important area of physical chemistry. 

This overview covers the major teclnhques used in materials analysis with MeV ion beams Rutherford backscattering, chaimelling, resonance scattering, forward recoil scattering, PIXE and microbeams. We have not covered nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), because it applies to special incident-ion-target-atom combinations and is a topic of its own [1, 2]. 

Although the teclmiques described undoubtedly provide valuable results on various materials, the most useful infonuation almost always comes from a combination of several (chemical and physical) surface characterization techniques. Table B1.25.1 gives a short overview of the techniques described in this chapter. 

This book concentrates on synthesis and identification methods for molecular sieves including nonaluminosilicate molecular sieves and gives a good overview of structures and patented materials. 

Rittner M N and Abrham T 1998 Nanostructured materials an overview and commercial analysis COM 36... 

With this textbook we present the first comprehensive overview of chemoinfor-matics, current material that can be integrated into chemistry curricula or can serve on its own as a basis for an entire course on chemoinformatics. 

The textbook s organization can be divided into four parts. Chapters 1-3 serve as an introduction, providing an overview of analytical chemistry (Chapter 1) a review of the basic tools of analytical chemistry, including significant figures, units, and stoichiometry (Chapter 2) and an introduction to the terminology used by analytical chemists (Chapter 3). Familiarity with the material in these chapters is assumed throughout the remainder of the text. 

The study of organic semiconductors and conductors is highly iaterdisciplinary, involving the fields of chemistry, soHd-state physics, engineering, and biology. This article provides a treatment of the theoretical aspects of organic semiconductors as well as an overview of recent advances ia the field and the uses of these materials based on their conductive and optical properties. 

An overview of the atomistic and electronic phenomena utilized in electroceramic technology is given in Figure 3. More detailed discussions of compositional families and stmcture—property relationships can be found in other articles. (See for example, Ferroelectrics and Magnetic materials.)... 

This brief overview of the types of fibrous materials is intended to indicate the broad range of materials that can be produced from fibers. Since the properties of fibrous materials depend both on the properties of the fibers themselves and on the spatial arrangement of the fibers in the assembly, a given type of fiber may be used in many different end products, and similarly a given end product can be produced from different fiber types. 

Physical Properties. An overview of the metallurgy (qv) and soUd-state physics of the rare earths is available (6). The rare earths form aUoys with most metals. They can be present interstitiaUy, in soUd solutions, or as intermetaUic compounds in a second phase. Alloying with other elements can make the rare earths either pyrophoric or corrosion resistant. It is extremely important, when determining physical constants, that the materials are very pure and weU characteri2ed. AU impurity levels in the sample should be known. Some properties of the lanthanides are Usted in Table 3. 

Reference 37 provides excellent overviews of metallic films, materials science of thin magnetic recording materials, and the potential technological significance. 

Materials play an important role ia the electronics iadustry. The effectiveness of the electrical performance of the system, its reUabiUty, and its cost aU. depend on the packagiag materials used, which are chosen for their properties and appHcations. As a result, the practicing engineer must have ready access to current information on the materials that can be used ia product development. This article gives an overview of the various material choices for the elements of an electronic product. 

The largest-volume phosphoms compounds are the phosphoric acids and phosphates (qv), ie, the oxide derivatives of phosphoms ia the + 5 oxidation state. With the exception of the phosphoric acid anhydride, P O q, and the phosphate esters, these materials are discussed elsewhere (see Phosphoric acids and phosphates). An overview of phosphoms compounds other than the phosphoric acids and phosphates is given herein. These compounds constitute a large variety of phosphoms compounds that are either nonoxide derivatives or derivatives of phosphoms ia oxidation states lower than + 5. These phosphoms compounds are manufactured only from elemental phosphoms (qv) obtained by reduction of naturally occurring phosphate rock (calcium phosphate). 

H. Witt, Overview of the Finate Element Method with Emphasis on Applications to Rubber Materials, at the ACS Meeting of the 147th Rubber Division, Philadelphia, Pa., May 2—5, 1995, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 

---