Material safety irritation

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) issued by suppHers of acetone ate requited to be revised within 90 days to include new permissible exposure limits (PEL). Current OSHA PEL (54) and ACGIH threshold limit values (TLV) (55) ate the same, 750 ppm TWA and 1000 ppm STEL. Eot comparison, the ACGIH TWA values for the common mbbing alcohols are ethyl, 1000, and isopropyl, 400 ppm. A report on human experience (56) concluded that exposure to 1000 ppm for an 8-h day produced no effects other than slight, transient irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. 

The monomers, eatalysts or hardeners, or plastieizers ean inelude ehemieals with the potential to irritate the skin, mueous membranes or respiratory traet. Some ean promote skin or respiratory sensitization. The range of ehemieals in use is extremely wide, so that referenee should be made to the Materials Safety Data Sheet for eaeh speeifie formulation or variation of it identifiable by referenee to the supplier s proprietary name and eode number. Some eommon resin types are summarized in Table 5.55. 

The toxicity of the Inipol EAP-22 microemulsion is controversial. The vendor claims that the microemulsion has no toxicity for flora and fauna. The material safety data sheet (MSDS) for Inipol EAP-22 indicate that 2-butoxyethanol is the most toxic compound in the fertilizer. The compound is an eye, skin, and respiratory irritant that can be absorbed through the skin. 

Dow Chemieal Company (1999) Material Safety Data Sheet Diethanolamine, Midland, MI Dutertre-Catella, H., Lieh, N.R, Huyen, VN. Truhaut, R. (1982) Comparative study of skin and eye irritation by ethanolamines (mono, di, tri and poly). Arch. mal. prof, 43, 455 60 Eisen, E.A., Tolbert, RE., Monson, R.R. Smith, T.J. (1992) Mortality studies of maehining fluid exposure in the automobile industry. I A standardized mortality ratio analysis. Am. J. ind. Med., 22, 809-824... 

The manufacturing of alkyd resins involves a wide variety of organic ingredients. Whereas most of them are relatively mild and of low toxicity, some, such as phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, solvents, and many of the vinyl (especially acrylic) monomers, are known irritants or skin sensitizers and are poisonous to humans. The hazard potential of the chemicals should be determined by consulting the Material Safety Data Sheets provided by the suppliers, and recommended safety precautions in handling the materials should be practiced. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE A highly corrosive material. Very irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fiimes of POx. See also ESTERS. 

The Safety Officer, after receiving the R D process description, immediately consults the appropriate literature to determine if any hazard exists relative to the toxicity or irritability of a particular product or intermediate. Material Safety Data Sheets, when available, are his prime source of information. In their absence, he consults the supplier of either the material or process for further information. If no information is available, he submits samples for toxicity screening, if it appears warranted. He may arrange testing for irritation, mutagenicity (Ames Test) or other hazards. Once all chemical toxicity information is available, he is responsible for judging its relative severity. He also recommends suitable protective equipment to be used by manufacturing personnel to avoid contact with a potentially hazardous substance. 

Material safety data sheets for PAI are available from the manufacturer. The usual precautions when handling hot polymers are recommended. Irritations are caused due to mechanical effects. Overheating in the course of processing generates fumes of unknown toxicity. There is essentially... 

Soda ash is an irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, and it is classified as a moderate health hazard. Material safety data sheets [90] contain information on protective gear and proper handling. 

These products and the auxiliary materials normally combined with them are capable of producing adverse health effects ranging from minor skin irritation to serious systemic effects. Exposure to these materials should be minimized and avoided if feasible through the observance of proper precautions, use of appropriate engineering controls and proper personal protective clothing and equipment, and adherence to proper handling procedures. Each of these preventive measures depends upon responsible action by adequately informed persons referring to the Material Safety Data Sheet for each of the products to be used, stored or transported. 

Short-term exposure to ethylene oxide vapor at high concentrations can cause nausea, shortness of breath, central nervous system depression, and irritation of mucous membranes in humans. The compound is also described as a protoplasmic poison. Dilute solutions of ethylene oxide can cause skin blistering, edema, irritation, and necrosis and eye irritation and necrosis. Skin contact with liquid ethylene oxide will usually cause bums, and even short-term skin exposure can lead to skin blisters. Some acute cases of poisoning have been reported. Usually, nausea and vomiting are delayed and, after they occur, there can be profound weakness of the extremities, convulsive seizures, and secondary lung infection. A summary of the toxicological effects of ethylene oxide and a referenced summary of acute effects such as LDjo and LC50 data are available (1), as is current information in manufacturers material safety data sheets (2). 

Health and Safety Factors. Animal-feeding studies of DMPPO itself have shown it to be nontoxic on ingestion. The solvents, catalyst, and monomers that are used to prepare the polymers, however, should be handled with caution. Eor example, for the preparation of DMPPO, the amines used as part of the catalyst are flammable toxic on ingestion, absorption, and inhalation and are also severe skin and respiratory irritants (see Amines). Toluene, a solvent for DMPPO, is not a highly toxic material in inhalation testing the TLV (71) is set at 375 mg/m, and the lowest toxic concentration is reported to be 100—200 ppm (72). Toxicity of 2,6-dimethylphenol is typical of alkylphenols (qv), eg, for mice, the acute dermal toxicity is LD q, 4000 mg/kg, whereas the acute oral toxicity is LD q, 980 mg/kg (73). The Noryl blends of DMPPO and polystyrene have PDA approval for reuse food apphcations. 

---