Material properties data available

The advantage of this type of testing is that it utilizes existing equipment and can be easily standardized. It can also provide a comparison of to real-life end-use conditions. Also, while comprehensive test data is not available for all materials, it can easily be generated on an as-needed basis. The disadvantage of this type of testing is that it is new and different. There is very little material property data available, and even with the data that exists, the correlation between measured data and actual end-use performance is still uncertain. 

Property Data fretworks. These include the Materials Property Data Network, Inc. (MPD) (57) and Chemical Property Data Network (CPDN) and are available on STN. These networks provide menu access to numeric data on the performance of different materials and chemicals. Tables 5 and 6 summarize using the numeric files available on STN. NUMERIGUIDE is a data directory and property hierarchy support file produced by STN it contains information on all properties available in the numeric files on STN. 

MPDSEARCH The National Materials Property Data Network, Inc. the MPD Guide to Materials and Substances Data Sources provides information about the materials property databases available on STN International... 

Metal Suppliers Online, Carbon steels material property data sheet. Available on line. URL http //www.suppliersonline.com/ propertypages/1095.asp. Accessed on July 24, 2007. 

Predictable, verifiable material property data about a compounded material are typically available from the compounder or resin supplier. These documented test results from molded plaques may help justify a material s suitability, yet it is the properties of the final product that matter to the customer and the long-term reputation of the molder. With highly reinforced resins, questions may remain about local variations in a molded part s final mechanical properties (and gaining answers to these questions by waiting for part failures is not a solution most customers would accept). 

MAT.DB (Materials Property Data Base, ASM International, Metals Park, OH). Commercially updated available materials properties database developed for users interested in building their own database as well as for those who simply want access to precompiled databases. Provides flexible format for structuring diverse data types into one unified systems. Format accommodates plastics, metals, composites, wood. 

PLASPEC (Plaspec [PT], New York, NY). Complete, accurate up-to-date initial material selection available from all supplies through one source. Over 600 searchable characteristics listed, including special features of plastic materials, property data, cost. 

A tremendous number of researchers have explored the reliability of Pb/Sn solder alloys. A wealth of data, material properties, and proposed constitutive relationships have been captured in the literature. However, there is relatively little information in the literature on the material properties of lead-free solders. Moreover, the material property information available is on slightly different compositions of lead-free solders, with tests performed in different ways. 

CINDAS Materials Properties Data Files, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. Contains 3 databases Aerospace Structural Metals Database (ASMD), Thermophysical Properties of Matter Database (TPMD), andMicroelectronics Packaging Materials Database (MPMD). Contains 6,000 materials and 145,000 data curves. Available online at CINDAS http // www.cindasdata.com (accessed December 15, 2010). 

In a regression approach to material characterization, a statistical model which describes the relation between measurements and the material property is formulated and unknown model parameters are estimated from experimental data. This approach is attractive because it does not require a detailed physical model, and because it automatically extracts and optimally combines important features. Moreover, it can exploit the large amounts of data available. 

The data available are generally for the Athabasca materials, although workers at the University of Utah (Salt Lake City) have carried out an intensive program to determine the processibiUty of Utah bitumen and considerable data have become available. Bulk properties of samples from several locations (Table 3) (9) show that there is a wide range of properties. Substantial differences exist between the tar sands in Canada and those in the United States a difference often cited is that the former is water-wet and the latter, oil-wet (10). 

As with any constitutive theory, the particular forms of the constitutive functions must be constructed, and their parameters (material properties) must be evaluated for the particular materials whose response is to be predicted. In principle, they are to be evaluated from experimental data. Even when experimental data are available, it is often difficult to determine the functional forms of the constitutive functions, because data may be sparse or unavailable in important portions of the parameter space of interest. Micromechanical models of material deformation may be helpful in suggesting functional forms. Internal state variables are particularly useful in this regard, since they may often be connected directly to averages of micromechanical quantities. Often, forms of the constitutive functions are chosen for their mathematical or computational simplicity. When deformations are large, extrapolation of functions borrowed from small deformation theories can produce surprising and sometimes unfortunate results, due to the strong nonlinearities inherent in the kinematics of large deformations. The construction of adequate constitutive functions and their evaluation for particular... 

There is no data available on the endurance strength in shear for the material chosen for the pin. An approximate method for determining the parameters of this material property for low carbon steels is given next. The pin steel for the approximate section size has the following Normal distribution parameters for the ultimate tensile strength, Su ... 

Obtain all available information about the material. If it is a surplus or off-specification product, obtain an analysis or a Material Safety Data Sheet. If it is a waste, check for previous analyses, and if none exists, obtain one. (Even if a previous analysis exists, consider running a few screening-type field analyses for confirmation of important properties such as pH, redox potential, or other oxidizer test such as cyanide, sulfide, and flashpoint.)... 

The designer must be aware that as the degree of anisotropy increases, the number of constants or moduli required to describe the material increases with isotropic construction one could use the usual independent constants to describe the mechanical response of materials, namely, Young s modulus and Poisson s ratio (Chapter 2). With no prior experience or available data for a particular product design, uncertainty of material properties along with questionable applicability of the simple analysis techniques generally used require end use testing of molded products before final approval of its performance is determined. 

Organophosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids. The physical and chemical property information available for the organophosphate ester hydraulic fluid products and components is presented in Tables 3 A, 3-5, 3-8, and 3-9. Much of this information was abstracted from trade literature or data taken from material safety data sheets. While there is information on many of the major component chemicals in the hydraulic fluid products, there can still be major data uncertainties for products that involve mixtures of different components. While current manufacturing practices aim to minimize or eliminate the presence of such worrisome components as th-ortho-cresyl phosphate, there remain major uncertainties about the composition and properties of older products, which would be more commonly encountered as site contaminants at NPL sites. Additional information on physical and chemical properties for organophosphate ester hydraulic fluid products is, therefore, an important data need. 

This means, if the recovered material is identical to a substance already registered and if the information on hazardous properties is available, e.g., from the safety data sheet, a registration is no longer mandatory. 

Unless otherwise indicated, chemical and physical properties are for the pure or production quality material. Properties of mixed, binary, thickened, or dusty agents, even those in solutions, will have physical and chemical properties that vary from the listed values. These variations will depend on the proportion of agent to other materials (e.g., solvents, thickener, etc.) and the properties of these other materials. If available, data on mixtures or modified agents (e.g., salts) are included. For any given parameters, a dash (i.e., —) means that the value is unavailable because it has not been determined or has not been published. 

Selection of the material model is another important factor to be considered. Some programs allow the user to specify plastic moment-rotation curves for beam elements. However, the more rigorous and most widely available method of defining nonlinear material properties is to specify the stress versus strain data, Plastic behavior is approximated at the section level in the former method whereas, the latter method tracks plastic behavior at the individual integration points (fibers) through the thickness of the member. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. 

The CAMPUS Plastics Database, covering some 40 manufacturers grades of materials, provides data to a standard format in accordance with ISO 10350 [11] and ISO 11403 [12]. It is available from participating manufacturers and through www.campusplastics.com. Singlepoint properties listed include creep modulus after 1 h and 1,000 h and thermal expansion. Multi-point data listed include creep modulus at five temperatures. The CAMPUS website provides addresses and telephone numbers from which data to the agreed format may be obtained, and links to some manufacturers websites directly. 

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