Marketing standards regulations

GB Statutory Instrument (1987) Olive Oil (Marketing Standards) Regulations 1987. SI No. 1783. London HMSO. 

CPSC, FTC, DOT and many others. Most of us are so well acquainted with these types of regulations that they have become a day-to-day part of our activities. Because they are so familiar to us, we may miss the very significant distinction in this classification, the distinction between standards regulations and pre-market registration. 

European Communities (1998b) Commission Regulation (EC) No 2815/98 concerning marketing standards for olive oil. Official Journal of the European Communities, L349, 24.12.98, p. 8. 

The reform process, kick-started in 1997 with broad Commission consultation on the strengths and weaknesses of the key EU legal instruments for chemical control,15 culminated in December 2006 in the adoption of the REACH Regulation.16 The Regulation demands registration of all chemical substances, on their own, in preparations, or in articles, that are produced, traded, or imported onto the EU market. The Regulation sets a standard of no data, no market . Chemicals for which technical data have not been submitted, should be taken out of circulation. The technical data submitted in the course of registration are used to identify chemicals that may pose... 

In the European, U.S. and Japanese markets, the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) is attempting to standardize regulations and testing for pharmaceutical products. This conference was formed to bring about one set of rules and guidelines for the member states, enabling trade of pharmaceutical products between member nations to proceed more smoothly. 

Regulation (EC) No.2991/94 (entry into force 1/1/1996)— Marketing standards for olive oil... 

As of 2012, the development of FCVs is mainly driven by the world s major automobile manufacturers, and demonstration tests are being conducted in North America, Europe, Japan, Korea, etc., to enable the smooth introduction of FCVs to the market. Furthermore, regulations related to FCVs are being reviewed and developed in various countries, and the Global Technical Regulations (GTR) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are also being promoted. 

In today s markets, the use of thermoplastic products is regulated from a standpoint of fire safety. Minimum performance in dozens of fire tests is spelled out by standards, regulations, and building codes that regulate over 90% of the products specified and used. In tests for transportation, electrical and construction applications, polyetherimides show excellent performance. 

Regulating dmg quaHty is a federal concern that is reflected beyond the approval process. PDA has implemented extensive regulations to ensure that dmg products that are produced and marketed, as well as thek chemical constituents, continue to meet high standards of quaHty, purity, and safety, and have the identity and strength accurately represented. 

Cla.ss II Performance Sta.nda.rds. This category regulates devices for which General Controls are not sufficient to ensure safety and effectiveness. Class 11 controls iaclude all the controls ia Class 1. In addition, manufacturers of sutures ia Class 11 must give the EDA 90-days notice of their iatent to market the suture, by way of a 510(k) filing providing data to show that the suture is "substantially equivalent" to an already-approved device. Most sutures were reclassified iato Class 11 ia 1989. Other than USP standards, performance standards for sutures have not actually been promulgated, but the EDA has taken the stand that sufficient information exists ia the pubHshed Hterature to ensure the safety and effectiveness of sutures ia this class. 

Despite the attractions of economic forces driving environmental protection, some cautions and failures have been noted. Firstly, the export of hazardous waste to countries where costs for treatment are lower enhances environmental risks during transport and has the potential for transboundary export in the event of pollution. At the same time, the loss of raw material may deprive the home market of an adequate supply of feedstock for the home-based industry. Secondly, there is considerable scepticism that self-regulation of TBT-based antifoulants could be achieved in a timely manner by the shipping industry. This is an instance where the cost benehts to one industry are born by another commercial sector, notably aquaculture. Thus, protection of the marine environment is likely to be aided by economic factors but the role of government, via taxation and standard setting, is not likely to be usurped. Public education and, in turn, pressure, can promote and support corporate environmentalism. 

When owners wish to build a new source which will add a specific amount of a specific pollutant to an area that is innonattainment with respect to that pollutant, they must, under U.S. federal regulations, document a reduction of at least that amount of the pollutant from another source in the area. They can effect this reduction, or "offset," as it is called, in another plant they own in the area or can shut down that plant. However, if they do not own another such plant or do not wish to shut down or effect such reduction in a plant they own, they can seek the required reduction or offset from another owner. Thus, such offsets are marketable credits that can be bought, sold, traded, or stockpiled ("banked") as long as the state or local regulatory agency legitimizes, records, and certificates these transactions. The new source will still have to meet NSPS, BACT or MACT, and/or LAER standards, whichever are applicable. 

The certification business has grown enormously in the last ten years. The International Accreditation Forum (lAF) recorded 616 accredited certification bodies in January 1999. The experience of the vehicle manufacturers with ISO 9000 certification led them to question the wisdom of so many certification bodies chasing the same business in a competitive market. The results seemed to indicate that cost reductions by the certification bodies led to a decline in the quality of auditing and that was the opposite of what the vehicle manufacturers wanted. The vehicle manufacturers had not seen a significant rise in product quality as a result of ISO 9000 and they believed this was partially due to the quality of the accreditation and certification schemes being operated as well as inadequacies in the quality system standard. When the four national automotive schemes were launched, great emphasis was placed on regulating more closely the accreditation and certification schemes. From a customer perspective, the ISO 10011 scheme had some particular problems ... 

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