Market defined

Translating odor modifiers into consumer products results in forms, such as soHds, Hquids, and aerosols, for a market defined as products "for the nose." This includes products that cover up or eliminate odors, perfume the home, or cleanse the air. Such products thus defined were reported to have sales in 1992 of just under 2 biUion. The categories of this market can be broken out as traditional air fresheners, cat Utter products, aroma care, air purification, and disinfectant in both consumer and industrial appUcations. 

Directive 91/414/EEC (EEC 1991) concerning the placing of PPPs on the market defines strict mles for the authorization of PPPs. 

Natural gas is sold in regional markets defined by pipeline capacity. Because of the importance of Texas and California in today s hydrogen economy, Figure 4 presents the data for the West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil Spot Price and City Gate Natural Gas Prices in Texas and in California. By applying time-series econometric techniques to these data, one can conclude that the price of oil leads natural gas prices and that the price of oil does not follow changes in any other energy price [9,10]. 

Markets Defined by end-user customer groups or segments where end-users have common characteristics and buying behaviors. Also defined by internal customers in the case of enabling, or support, operations. 

The relative speed with which hydrogenated or highly saturated nitriles have appeared on the market commercially has highlighted the need for polymers that fill the performance gap between standard NBRs and the high-performance fluorinated elastomers. This is an area of polymer and technology development that is in a rapid state of change and more candidates for this market, defined by the automobile and oil exploration industries, are sure to appear. 

Fisher, M.M. and Cundiff, B.T., APC Vision and Technology Roadmap for the Automotive Market—Defining Priority Research for Plastics in 21st Century Vehicles, SAE Technical Paper No. 2002-01-1890, SAE International, Warrendale, PA, 2002. 

This type of study, applied over all the cuts, enables the refinery flow scheme to be defined in order to satisfy a given set of market conditions starting from one or more crude oil feedstocks. 

With the New Approach the number of directives needed to achieve the internal market target significantly decreased. In addition the European Council and the European Parliament were no longer required to deal with detailed technical requirements. Instead they were called upon only to define essential requirements needed to protect the public interest. The main elements of the New Approach can be summarised as follows ... 

Whereas there is no universally accepted specification for marketed natural gas, standards addressed in the United States are Hsted in Table 6 (8). In addition to these specifications, the combustion behavior of natural gases is frequently characteri2ed by several parameters that aid in assessing the influence of compositional variations on the performance of a gas burner or burner configuration. The parameters of flash-back and blow-off limits help to define the operational limits of a burner with respect to flow rates. The yeUow-tip index helps to define the conditions under which components of the natural gas do not undergo complete combustion, and the characteristic blue flame of natural gas burners begins to show yellow at the flame tip. These... 

Methodology. Practitioners of chemical market research develop iadividual styles and techniques. However, four elements are essential to every useful study defining the problem, data gathering, analysis of data, and presentation of findings. 

Pubhc concerns about pesticides in the diet of infants and children resulted in an expert committee convened by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences which devoted four years to the review of all available data. A consensus report was issued in 1993 (80). A number of recommendations for further work to more precisely define what constitutes the diet of infants and children were made. No risk could be estimated. The residue data reviewed by the panel were mainly from monitoring studies conducted by the PDA using multiresidue methods to analyze fresh produce and market basket samples collected from various geographic areas (81,82). These and other rehable scientific studies have demonstrated that relatively few food samples contain detectable residues. Most residues are far below estabhshed tolerances which are set above the maximum residue found in treated raw agricultural... 

Phosphoms forms weU-defined halogen compounds of the types PX, PX, POX, and PSX, all of which except the pentaiodide and the oxy- and sulfoiodides are known. In addition to the binary haUdes, a few of the many possible mixed haUdes, eg, PX2Y and PX2Y2, have been prepared. The commercially important phosphoms haUdes are phosphoms trichloride [7719-12-2] phosphoms oxychloride [10025-87-3] phosphoms pentachloride [10026-13-8] and phosphoms sulfochloride [3982-91-0]. A few other phosphoms haUdes, eg, PI, PR13) marketed as reagent... 

Each class of sealants has certain attributes inherent to the polymer on which it is based. These attributes often define the sealant s appHcations and limitations. Table 12 summarizes each type of sealant s key attributes, principal markets, and limitations. 

Total roundwood harvested increased by less than 300 million ft between 1986 and 1991 (Table 8). The value of all roundwood timber harvested in the United States in 1991 was estimated to be 19,370 million (Table 8). The value of roundwood timber is defined as the market value at local points of dehvery, ie, deUvered to a processing faciUty. 

Let us consider a product which is sold entirely on the basis of personal recommendation. The rate of sale will depend on the number of people who have already bought the product. Thus initially sales will increase exponentially. Eventually the market will be saturated, and only replacement purchases will be made. If the frequency cui ve may be assumed to be symmetrical about a single maximum value, the cumulative distribution cui ve is known as the logistics cui ve and is defined by Eq. (9-91) ... 

There are obvious benefits to be derived from consensus standards which define the chemistry and properties of specific materials. Such standards allow designers and users of materi s to work with confidence that the materials supplied will have the expected minimum properties. Designers and users can also be confident that comparable materials can be purchased from several suppliers. Producers are confident that materials produced to an accepted standard will find a ready market and therefore can be produced efficiently in large factories. 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture makes a distinction between air pollution damage and air pollution injury. Injury is considered to be any observable alteration in the plant when exposed to air pollution. Damage is defined as an economic or aesthetic loss due to interference with the intended use of a plant. This distinction indicates that injury by air pollution does not necessarily result in damage because any given injury may not prevent the plant from being used as intended, e.g., marketed. 

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