Antiviral compounds marine-derived

As regards the antiviral compounds derived from microorganisms, the polysaccharides nostoflan and naviculan proved to be active against influenza A virus [54,97]. Chemically synthesized oversulfated derivatives of extracellular GAG and SP, produced by a marine Pseudomonas, prepared by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-mediated reaction for both polysaccharides, showed antiviral activities against influenza virus type A but not against type B [52],... 

Table 10. Antiviral Marine-Derived Peptides, Alkaloids, Proteins, Nucleosides and Other A -Containing Compounds...

One of the methods used currently is to broaden the source of the screens hence, companies are now searching for new compounds from samples obtained fiom tropical rain forests to deserts and oceans. The didemnins, which displayed potent antiviral and antitumor activities, were the first pharmaceuticals obtained from a marine source to be tested in the clinic (59). These, and other marine-derived dru have relatively unusual structures that eventually may provide new activities against atypical targets (59). 

Alteromonas infernus act as sources for antiviral compounds. Sulphated EPS are known to interfere with the adsorption and penetration of viruses into host cells, as well as inhibiting various retroviral reverse transcriptases. TVvo new exopolysaccharides, EPS-1 and EPS-2, isolated from Bacillus licheniformis and Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, are very effective in the control of HSV (Arena et al., 2009). Macrolactin A is another antiviral compound derived from marine bacteria that inhibited HIV replication (Gustafson et al, 1989). 

Bugula neritina) and related organisms produce substances with antibacterial, antitumor (e.g. bryostatins, didemnin B, dolastatin, girodazol, halichondrin B), anti-inflammatory (e.g. pseudopterosin E, manoalide derivatives), antifungal, antiviral, or immuno-suppressive (e.g. microcolin A and B) activity [399,400]. These compounds and/or their synthetic derivatives may be important novel bioactive pharmaceutical substances. It is also very Hkely that some new natural marine substances or their derivatives can be used as antifouling compounds, insecticides, or fungicides. 

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