Malfunction definition

Valero, A., Correas, L., Zaleta, A., Lazzaretto, A., Verda, V., Reini, M., and Rangel, V., 2004b, On the thermoeconomic approach to the diagnosis of energy system malfunctions Part 2. Malfunction definitions and assessment, Energy 29 1889—1907. 

Note, however, that the frequency/malfunction relationship is not mutually exclusive and a specific mechanical problem cannot definitely be attributed to a unique frequency. While frequency is a very important piece of information with regard to isolating machinery malfunctions, it is only one part of the total picture. It is necessary to evaluate all data before arriving at a conclusion. 

Tweeddale (Tweeddale, 1995) identified two general sorts of deviations, i.e. hard and soft deviations. He identifies hard deviations as malfunctioning equipment, and soft deviations as faults in the system or procedures. In this thesis these definitions are slightly modified to cover all deviations identified in the operational process preceding and directly related with an accident. Hard deviations are defined as the actual loss of containment or demonstrable loss of control, e.g. small leakages, overpressure, override of control systems, etc. Soft deviations refer to indications of possible deviations, but cannot be demonstrated by actual facts, e.g. operator complaints, deficiencies of maintenance activities, or bad housekeeping activities, etc. 

At least in the power industry, the terms "monitoring" and "diagnostics" are often used interchangeably or without careful definition. Much confusion can arise when these terms are used. For purposes of this paper, these terms and the terms "expert system" and "malfunction" will be defined here. 

Malfunction. Any condition in which a piece of equipment or system is imperfect for any reason. Examples might be exhausted condensate polishers, leaky condenser tubes, and sensors for which the power has been unintentionally turned off. This definition of malfunction includes deterioration of equipment due to normal wear. By this definition, worn out car brakes are a malfunction. 

If the analyst cannot cite a definite physical reason for failure to include a specific sample measurement, such as evident instrument malfunction, sample container leakage, or sample loss on transfer or injection, then there is no justification for deleting a measurement from subsequent evaluation of a total sample series. If, on injection of a sample into the chromatograph, the operator believes that septum leak is evident, the resulting chromatogram should be marked immediately and never measured or included in the subsequent results. Conversely, if he cannot cite such a reason, the resulting chromatogram must be measured and included in the overall evaluation of the study. 

In a meta-analysis of the metabolic and psychosocial impact of pumps, 52 studies were found 22 were published before 1987 and 13 after 1993, the year in which the results of the DCCT were published (225). The authors stated that therefore conclusions about efficacy are not definitive. All pump malfunctions were reported before 1988. All types of changes were reported when the frequency and severity of hypoglycemia were compared with prepump times. Infection and skin irritation were expressed in different ways in the various studies. The risk of diabetic ketoacidosis fell after 1993. Most users preferred to continue pump treatment, mainly because of more flexibility, greater freedom, and improved glycemic control. 

Equipment qualification—Definition of the equipment, system, and/or environment used for the process. These data are used to gather a baseline of the installation/operational condition of the system at the time when the performance qualification (PQ) of the system is performed. This baseline information is used to evaluate changes to the system performance over time. Intentional changes from these initial conditions must be considered and evaluated to establish that the system s performance is unaffected by the change. Unintentional changes in the form of a component or equipment malfunction or failure can be easily rectified using the available baseline data as a basis for proper performance. 

In its most elemental definition, a disease occurs when something in the body malfunctions. Heart attack The walls of a coronary artery become too clogged with fatty deposits, blocking the flow of blood to the heart. Cancer A mutated cell replicates out of control. Infection A virus overcomes the body s immune system. To get the body back to normal, scientists try to find a molecule that will intercept the malfunction. If the disease is caused by the behavior of an enzyme, the molecule could block the enzyme, modify its behavior, or block the receptor it attaches to. In pharmaceutical talk, that magic molecule has been known as a compound. To the public, it s a drug. 

Definition. Shock is a state of inadequate capillary perfusion (oxygen deficiency) of vital tissues to an extent that adversely affects cellular metabolism (capillary endothelium and organs) causing malfunction, including release of enz5unes cmd vasoactive substances, i.e. it is a low flow or hypoperfusion state. 

The machine-based PSFs include characteristics of the human-system interface and the responses that the machine is designed to provide. Malfunctioning indicators are not a machine-based PSF, they are a situation-based PSF. However, poorly designed indicators are a machine-based PSF. In this PSF flame-work, HSI includes control panels and other traditional HSI elements, but it also includes the accessibility (as designed) of machine components and plant areas. This expanded definition of HSI covers humans obtaining output fl om displays and charts, and it also covers humans providing input to the machine through software, buttons and dials, mechanical tools, or other contact. 

The field of psychiatry is predicated on the assumpt-tion that serious mental disorders result from abnormalities in the structure or function of the brain. Although no specific brain anomalies have been identified as the definitive cause of mental illness, the latest neuroscientific studies suggest that imbalances in neurochemicals—also called neurotransmitters— or malfunctions in their transportation from nerve cell to nerve cell might be responsible for the symptoms of mental illness, such as anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and delusions. Neurotransmitters include dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and gamma-amino-butyric acid. Most experts believe that the causes of mental illness stem from a combination of genes (nature) and experiences (nurture). 

The reporting system contains error messages to warn the operator of specific malfunctions. Any report slip containing a letter code or word immediately following the numerical value should not be reported. Refer to the Manual for the definition of error codes. 

Concern for this serious situation in the theater naturally extended to the Office of the Chief, CWS, in Washington. The few zone of interior malfunctions had been thoroughly investigated and were found to have been caused in practically every case by a faulty fuze. The increase of misfires overseas prompted General Porter in January 1945 to send to Europe an investigating mission headed by General Bullene. A definite correlation between extreme cold weather and... 

From ISA 18.2 one gets alarm definition as an audible andjor visible means of indicating to the operator an equipment malfunction, process deviation, or abnormal condition requiring a response. In the preceding definition, indication, operator abnormal condition, and operator s response need special attention. The same definition has been graphically represented in Fig. IX/4.0-1 for better understanding. 

Consider the definition of reliability already given above, namely The probability of performing the intended purpose adequately for the period of time intended imder die operating conditions encoimtered . Safety, on the other hand, can be defined as The probability that no accidents will occur in a given length of time due to a system failure or malfunction . 

The burns noted had occurred within a period of 5 months and no further burns except one first-degree burn in a lung patient with multiple metasta-ses treated and an ablation time over 2 h were noted thereafter, although we have not changed the ablation protocol - thus malfunctioning of the pads cannot definitely be ruled out. 

Gas Analyzers. The definition of continuous monitoring requires that each sensor or location be sampled and evaluated in periods not exceeding 30 minutes. Life-safety systems are required to be electrically supervised to provide indications of opens and shorts in wiring or malfunctioning components. It is recommended that high traffic areas be monitored more frequently than unmanned storage areas. All gas analyzers should be located outside the fab. 

Hence, it was possible with the support of expert judgments to constrict the reliability-related field data of the whole clamping function in two steps to the safety-related field data of one single safety function. Thereby, the allocation of the malfunction messages to the safety function is not definite, because the messages can also be relevant for further safety functions. Consequently, it is a worst case examination that needs to be stated more precisely in future researches. 

The definition of target rehabdity levels for a considered limit state depends on the physical consequence (and, thus, the sodo-economical consequence) of structural malfunction. This leads directly to the rationale of cost-benefit analysis, Ditlevsen (1997). Recommendations concerning the target reliability are provided in several international standards, as a result of experience, calibration and economical optimization, Vrouwenvelder (2002). 

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