Correlation definition

Parameter Correlations Definition value Individual L s n Correl. factor Ref. 

Neither of these words is used with such precise definitions in mutagen testing. A correlation definition of "reliability" is not usually feasible, because mutation tests are not usually scaled in appropriate numerical units. It is much more troublesome that the end point is human genetic damage (and its impact). Because this cannot now be assessed, there is no way in which proper validation can be done. We have to make do with something... 

Correlation. Definitions and a typical flow pattern for this problem are shown in Fig. 4.12. The heat transfer relations given here assume that the downward-facing surface is substantially all heated if the heated surface is set into a larger surface, the heat transfer will be reduced. Since the buoyancy force is mainly into the surface, laminar flow prevails up to very high Rayleigh numbers. The following equation can be used for 103 < Ra < 1010 ... 

As with residence time, the correlating definition of hydrocarbon partial pressure must consider the partial pressure history in the coil. For a given feedstock cracked at a fixed conversion and gas outlet pressure in a pyrolysis coil of a given configuration, the average hydrocarbon partial pressure, PhCA determined by ... 

The general expression for particle scattering can best be described by the correlation fimction y(r). Using the definition in ( Bl.9.48). we have... 

The fimdamental disadvantage of the mean-field method is that it does not allow modes to respond in a correlated maimer to each other. This problem can be somewhat alleviated by a good definition of the relevant coordinate system [134. 136]. (An extension of mean-field methods that does allow for coupling [137. 138 and 139] will be discussed later.)... 

The first requirement is the definition of a low-dimensional space of reaction coordinates that still captures the essential dynamics of the processes we consider. Motions in the perpendicular null space should have irrelevant detail and equilibrate fast, preferably on a time scale that is separated from the time scale of the essential motions. Motions in the two spaces are separated much like is done in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The average influence of the fast motions on the essential degrees of freedom must be taken into account this concerns (i) correlations with positions expressed in a potential of mean force, (ii) correlations with velocities expressed in frictional terms, and iit) an uncorrelated remainder that can be modeled by stochastic terms. Of course, this scheme is the general idea behind the well-known Langevin and Brownian dynamics. 

Solvent-excluded surfaces correlate with the molecular or Connolly surfaces (there is some confusion in the literature). The definition simply proceeds from another point of view. In this c ase, one assumes to be inside a molecaile and examines how the molecule secs the surrounding solvent molecules. The surface where the probe sphere does not intersect the molecular volume is determined. Thus, the SES embodies the solvent-excluded volume, which is the sum of the van der Waals volume and the interstitial (re-entrant) volume (Figures 2-119. 2-120). 

Capacity. Capacity is a measure of the quantity of ions, acid, or base removed (adsorbed) by an ion-exchange material. The quantity removed is direcdy correlated with the number of functional groups. Capacity is reported ia several different ways, but requites further definition because the word by itself does not cover ad situations. Total capacity is a measure of ad the functional groups on a resia and is recorded on a weight as wed as a volume basis. 

The influence of the composition of asphalt has been recognized, for many years, as being an important factor in controlling the performance of such materials. Furthermore, rheological properties have always been associated with composition but, in order to utilize compositional data effectively, more definitive correlations between composition and properties are needed (46—48). 

When simple Hquids like naphtha are cracked, it may be possible to determine the feed components by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (gc/ms) (30). However, when gas oil is cracked, complete analysis of the feed may not be possible. Therefore, some simple definitions are used to characterize the feed. When available, paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics (PONA) content serves as a key property. When PONA is not available, the Bureau of Mines Correlation Index (BMCI) is used. Other properties like specific gravity, ASTM distillation, viscosity, refractive index. Conradson Carbon, and Bromine Number are also used to characterize the feed. In recent years even nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been... 

E] Use s BoUes Fair (Ref. 75) data base to determine new effective area to use with Onda et al. (Ref. 126) correlation. Same definitions as 5-28-D. P = total pressure, atm Mq = gas, molecular weight m = local slope of equilibrium curve Lf /Gf = slope operating line Z = height of packing in feet. 

Because of the close similarity in shape of the profiles shown in Fig. 16-27 (as well as likely variations in parameters e.g., concentration-dependent surface diffusion coefficient), a contrdling mechanism cannot be rehably determined from transition shape. If rehable correlations are not available and rate parameters cannot be measured in independent experiments, then particle diameters, velocities, and other factors should be varied ana the obsei ved impacl considered in relation to the definitions of the numbers of transfer units. 

The presence of organisms (large or small) in proximity to corrosion by itself is not proof of biologically influenced corrosion, any more than a correlation of lunar phases with stock market fluctuations establishes a lunar-financial connection. It should be stressed vigorously that all evidence must be consistent with any single corrosion mode before a definitive diagnosis can be made (see Critical Factors above). Further, all alternative explanations must be carefully examined. 

Table 5.7 lists the nucleophilic constants for a number of species according to this definition. It is apparent from Table 5.7 that nucleophilicity toward methyl iodide does not correlate directly with basicity. Azide ion, phenoxide ion, and bromide are all equivalent in nucleophilicity but differ greatly in basicity. Conversely, azide ion and acetate ion are... 

The preceding biaxial failure criteria suffer from various inadequacies in their representation of experimental data. One obvious way to improve the correlation between a criterion and experiment is to increase the number of terms in the prediction equation. This increase in curvefitting ability plus the added feature of representing the various strengths in tensor form was used by Tsai and Wu [2-26]. In the process, a new strength definition is required to represent the interaction between stresses in two directions. 

To illustrate the relationship between the microscopic structure and experimentally accessible information, we compute pseudo-experimental solvation-force curves F h)/R [see Eq. (22)] as they would be determined in SEA experiments from computer-simulation data for T z [see Eqs. (93), (94), (97)]. Numerical values indicated by an asterisk are given in the customary dimensionless (i.e., reduced) units (see [33,75,78] for definitions in various model systems). Results are correlated with the microscopic structure of a thin film confined between plane parallel substrates separated by a distance = h. Here the focus is specifically on a simple fluid in which the interaction between a pair of film molecules is governed by the Lennard-Jones (12,6) potential [33,58,59,77,79-84]. A confined simple fluid serves as a suitable model for approximately spherical OMCTS molecules confined... 

The definition of the terms can be found in Refs. 91, 92. The excess chemical potential, computed from the direct correlation function of the... 

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