Obtaining output

With some PROLOG implementations it is not possible to call an editor program from within the PROLOG system. In this case one has to exit from the PROLOG system and restart after updating the program. 

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The validation of the obtained result is another problem. It is yet not possible to obtain a confidence interval around the obtained output. Research on this topic is going on [21,28]. 

A typical, experimentally obtained, output spectrum of a waveguide with five resonators of differing sizes is shown in Fig. 16.5a. In this first case, all the five resonators had water as the surrounding medium. As can be seen, each resonator contributes a sharp dip to the output spectrum of the device. We observe that each ID resonator possesses a large -factor varying from 1,500 to 3,000 and a full... 

The output set assignment is not unique however, this does not affect the result of the classification. As Steward (1962) has shown, if there is no structural singularity, the determinable unmeasured variables are always assigned independently of the obtained output set assignment. The classification of the unmeasured variables allows us to define the sequence of calculation for these variables. That is, expressions are obtained to solve them as functions of the measurements. The expressions are also used in the classification of the measured variables and in the formulation of the reconciliation equations. After the reconciliation procedure is applied to the measurements, these equations are used to find an estimate of the unmeasured determinable variables in terms of the reconciled measurements. 

C. Proportional Counters. Proportional counters are used to detect one type of radiation in the presence of other types of radiation or to obtain output signals greater than those obtainable with ionization chambers of equivalent size. Proportional counters may be used to either detect events or to measure absorbed energy (dose), because the output pulse is directly proportional to the energy released in the sensitive volume of the counter. Proportional counters are most widely used for the detection of alpha particles, beta, neutrons, and protons. 

We have used a femtosecond-written Nd YAG ceramic optical waveguide as an active media to achieve continuous wave 1.06 pm laser operation. We have obtained output laser power of 40 mW and with a laser slope efficiency in excess of 40%. Single mode and stable laser oscillation have been achieved by using the natural Fresnel reflection for optical feedback without the requirement of any kind of mirror or reflective component. 

A neural network usually consists of three layers, representing inputs, output, and a hidden layer, which is used to make the connections (Figure 3.9). By training a neural network with known data, it is possible to obtain outputs that can accurately predict such things as polymer concentration mix. 

The ability to know whether the obtained outputs are right or wrong... 

The machine-based PSFs include characteristics of the human-system interface and the responses that the machine is designed to provide. Malfunctioning indicators are not a machine-based PSF, they are a situation-based PSF. However, poorly designed indicators are a machine-based PSF. In this PSF flame-work, HSI includes control panels and other traditional HSI elements, but it also includes the accessibility (as designed) of machine components and plant areas. This expanded definition of HSI covers humans obtaining output fl om displays and charts, and it also covers humans providing input to the machine through software, buttons and dials, mechanical tools, or other contact. 

Pellenc Selective Technologies (PST), based in Prance, has 100 machines installed around the world for various types of waste separation. It has two plastics sorting systems. The Mistral uses NIR to identify aU materials in a single pass. The Sirocco uses a vision system to identify objects by location, shape, transparency, and color. Purity levels of 90 to 98 percent can be obtained output varies from 2 to 10 tonnes/hr. The systems can handle plastic, paper, metal, and multilayer aseptic packaging. Ottawa recently installed a Mistral system in their MRP. ... 

Figure 8 Circuit principle of a failsafe AND connection of diversely obtained output signals according to the principle of dynamic signal transmission via transformer...

Transfer functions can be used conveniently to obtain output responses to any type of input change. In this chapter we have focused on first- or second-order transfer functions and integrating processes. Because a relatively small number of input changes have industrial or analytical significance, we have considered in detail the responses of these basic process transfer functions to the important types of inputs, such as step, ramp, impulse, and sine inputs. 

PID Controllers Classic controller in which the control action is a function, proportional-integral-derivative, of the error between desired and obtained output values. 

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