Maintenance procedures, development

In order to achieve effective, safe, and reliable operation of all equipment in the inventory, the hospital uses interval-based inspections and preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, or metered maintenance strategies. Model-specific strategies and preventive maintenance procedures developed for this equipment based on the risk stratification, the AHA Manual for Medical Equipment, manufacturer guidelines, and NFPA or ANSI standards. 

While preventive maintenance is concerned with regularly testing, and reconditioning equipment to prevent failures in service and premature deterioration, it follows that predictive maintenance procedures are concerned with the ability to predict when the equipment will fail and then developing schedules to implement timely repairs. Predictive maintenance does not imply that with the use of these techniques, failure modes in equipment can be prevented rather, it suggests that the occurrence of failure can be predicted and thus planned for. An appropriate example would be the inspection and change of a major compressor face-type oil seal where random heat checking (FM) has been observed over the years. 

The objective of the present study is to develop a cross-flow filtration module operated under low transmembrane pressure drop that can result in high permeate flux, and also to demonstrate the efficient use of such a module to continuously separate wax from ultrafine iron catalyst particles from simulated FTS catalyst/ wax slurry products from an SBCR pilot plant unit. An important goal of this research was to monitor and record cross-flow flux measurements over a longterm time-on-stream (TOS) period (500+ h). Two types (active and passive) of permeate flux maintenance procedures were developed and tested during this study. Depending on the efficiency of different flux maintenance or filter media cleaning procedures employed over the long-term test to stabilize the flux over time, the most efficient procedure can be selected for further development and cost optimization. The effect of mono-olefins and aliphatic alcohols on permeate flux and on the efficiency of the filter membrane for catalyst/wax separation was also studied. 

In order to develop a continuous flux maintenance procedure, the present study examined the transmembrane flux values from the cross-flow filtration module with a filtration media area of 0.0198 m2 (0.213 ft2), a slurry density of approximately 0.69 g/cm3 at 200°C, 17 kg of simulated FT wax with a catalyst loading of 0.26 wt%, and a TMP between 0.68 and 1.72 bar (10-25 psig). The filtration process was run in a recycle mode, whereas clean permeate was added back to the slurry mixture, thus allowing the catalyst concentration to remain approximately constant over the course of the run (given minor adjustments for about 5 ml permeate and slurry samples collected throughout the test). 

Each vault housing a pressure-limiting, pressure-relief, or pressure-regulating station shall be examined to determine its condition each time the equipment is examined and tested in accordance with para. GR-5.23.3. For any vault which personnel enter, the atmosphere shall be tested for combustible gas. If the atmosphere is hazardous, the cause shall be determined. The vault shall be examined for adequate ventilation. The condition of the vault covers shall be carefully examined for hazards. Unsatisfactory conditions disclosed shall be corrected. No welding maybe done if a combustible gas mixture is present. Maintenance work performed in the vault shall be in accordance with procedures developed per para. GR-5.23.3, with particular consideration given to the monitoring of the atmosphere and safety protection for personnel in the vault. 

Maintenance includes athorough check of equipment or a device to give maximum assurance that the equipment or device will operate effectively and safely. It may be necessary to disassemble and reassemble the equipment or device to ensure a through examination. Maintenance procedures should follow manufacture s recommended guidelines or accepted practices developed by recognized authorities, such as NFPA. Documentation of maintenance activities should be part of the facility s mechanical integrity program and all documentation should be part of the equipment history file. 

Ensure that standard operating and maintenance procedures have been developed (drafted) for each system, to ensure continued operation under defined conditions... 

The change in maintenance procedure was developed and implemented without the review and approval of the aircraft manufacturer responsible for the original maintenance procedure. One wonders if the accident could have been avoided if the developers of the change obtained the manufacturer s approval before implementing it. Had they done so, the problems with the change may have been identified and the change may have been rejected or refined. 

Piezoelectric devices have found a host of other aerospace applications. For example, one of the most troublesome problems faced by airlines is the detection of tiny hairline fractures in an aircraft body. These fractures often appear long before they can be observed visually during routine maintenance procedures. Yet, once they begin to develop, they can quite suddenly and dramatically lead to much larger cracks and failures that result in disastrous accidents. For this reason, airline companies are constantly... 

Vahdation cost for the new system could be halved if it is similar to the original application. If there is any possibihty of the system being used again, it should be dismantled and tagged, carefully packaged and labeled, and stored in a secure location. Documentary evidence supporting its validation must be archived and retained. System spedhcations. Development Testing, IQ, OQ, PQ, user manuals, and maintenance procedures could prove very useful if the system is reused. 

All procedures must be developed, reviewed, and approved prior to OQ. The effectiveness of the operation and maintenance procedures and plans shall, where possible, be verified during the OQ and PQ phases. 

Develop and finalize operating, cleaning, sanitizing and maintenance procedures. 

Chapter 3 describes the importance of written procedures and how to design a system for guiding procedure development and revisions. This procedure management system works with Management of Change to ensure procedures are selected, developed, and reviewed consistently using a planned framework that allows their easy use and maintenance. 

Chapter 8 summarizes why operating and maintenance procedures are a critical part of Process Safety Management, the typical costs associated with procedure development, and the return on investment. 

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