Exercise performance

Decrements in vigilance (i.e., ability to detect small changes in one s environment that occur at unpredictable times) decreased exercise performance in both healthy persons and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease... 

HAZOP is a structured review exercise performed by a team of between three and six people, one of whom acts as a chairman. Another member of the team acts as a secretary and records the results of the proceeding. A typical team comprises ... 

Reduced lean body mass Reduced muscle strength Reduced exercise performance Thin, dry skin cool peripheries poor venous access Depressed affect, labile emotions Impaired cardiac function... 

Three major mechanisms of action have dominated as possible explanations for the ergogenic potential of caffeine in the enhancement of exercise performance. These three mechanisms involve (1) the mobilization of intracellular calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle, (2) the increase of cyclic-3 ,5 -adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by the inhibition of phosphodiesterases in muscles and adipocytes, and (3) the competitive antagonism of adenosine receptors, primarily in the central nervous system (CNS).8 9... 

Dodd et al.48 tested 17 moderately trained males for V02 max and time to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer. Experimental trials involved the administration of 3- or 5-mg/kg caffeine 1 h prior to testing. Caffeine had no effect on exercise performance. Since nearly half of the subjects were caffeine naive (<25 mg/d), while the other half were caffeine tolerant (>310 mg/d), the researchers were able to conclude that even though caffeine had no significant effects on performance, it did produce a variety of physiologically significant effects (heart rate and expired ventilation volume) in the caffeine naive group. 

Dodd, S. L., Brooks, E., Powers, S. K., and Tulley, R., The effects of caffeine on graded exercise performance in caffeine naive versus caffeine habituated subjects, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 62, 424, 1991. 

Williams, J. FT, Caffeine, neuromuscular function and high-intensity exercise performance, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 31, 481, 1991. 

Berglund, B. and Hemmingsson, P., Effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise performance at low and high altitudes in cross-country skiers, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 3, 234, 1982. 

Graham, T. E. and Spriet, L. L., Metabolic, catecholamine, and exercise performance response to various doses of caffeine, Journal of Applied Physiology, 78, 867, 1995. 

Robergs, R.A. and Roberts, S.O., Exercise Physiology, Exercise, Performance, and Clinical Applications, C.V. Mosby, St. Louis, 1997. 

The present chapter discusses the results of a series of three small-scale interlaboratory exercises performed within the framework of the European Union-funded PRISTINE project (ENV4-CT97-0494), employing HPLC-fluorescence (FL) and LC-MS techniques for the determination of ionic and non-ionic surfactants. 

Albrecht AE, Marcus BH, Roberts M, Forman DE, Paris AF. (1998). Effect of smoking cessation on exercise performance in female smokers participating in exercise training. Am J Cardiol. 82(8) 950-55. 

Dodd SL, Herb RA, Powers SK. (1993). Caffeine and exercise performance. An update. Sports Med. 15(1) 14-23. 

Loss of mitochondria will not only decrease the maximal exercise performance but, for any given level of exercise, aerobic generation of ATP will be insufficient, so that a greater proportion must be generated from anaerobic metabolism, i.e. glycogen conversion to lactic acid, so that muscle glycogen and pH are decreased which can result in fatigue (discussed in Chapter 13). 

This requirement, however, conflicted with that of achieving a maximum exercise performance, fortoperform many hours of work each day, the diet should have been high in carbohydrate. This is because manhauling, despite being of fairly low intensity in exercise physiological terms, would still lead to marked muscle glycogen depletion in 10 to 12 hours of exertion daily. 

Auricchio A, Kloss M, Trautmann SI, Rodner S, Klein H. Exercise performance following cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and ventricular conduction delay. Am. J. Cardiol. 2002 89 198-203. 

VanHelder T, Radomski MW. Sleep deprivation and the effect on exercise performance. Sports Med 1989 7 235-247. 

Martin BJ. Sleep loss and subsequent exercise performance. Acta Physiol Scand... 

Several studies have revealed that statins have a beneficial effect on exercise performance in patients with claudication (13). Statins also improve endothelial function and have other... 

Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, et al. Propionyl-Lcarnitine improves exercise performance and functional status in patients with claudication. Am J Med 2001 I 10(8) 616-622. 

Successful septal ablation leads to significant improvement in objective tests of exercise performance in terms of treadmill exercise time and peak oxygen consumption in follow-up studies over 3 to 18 months (Table 2) (I 1-15). Significant and sustained improvement in echocardiographic measures of diastolic function are seen up to two years which may account for the improved functional status after septal ablation (16). 

Lindbjerg IF (1966) Leg muscle blood-flow measured with 133-xenon after ischaemia periods and after muscular exercise performed during ischaemia. Clin Sci, 30(3) 399-408. 

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