Luminescent materials displays

Blue luminescence of zinc complexes of pyridyl-containing complexes is an area of current interest.277 Design of blue luminescent materials is of relevance to display applications, as blue-light-emitting diodes, and to this end Che examined solution luminescence of zinc pyridylamine complexes.73,278 Che and co-workers studied the complex Zn40(7-azaindoyl)6 which has a blue emission at 433 nm in the solid state.279,280 In an attempt to improve on stability Wang et al. examined compounds with neutral 7-azaindole and an A-functionalized pyridyl derivative.281 In contrast with other metal complexes of the neutral 7-azaindole (32), Zn(7-azaindole)2(OAc)2 is a blue luminescent compound and a A-(2-pyridyl) 2-azaindole (33) and its complexes were also... 

The use of doped and undoped silica aerogels as multifunctional host materials for fluorescent dyes and other luminescent materials for display and imaging applications has been reported.278 Results have been presented on the PL spectra of undoped silica aerogels and aerogels doped with Er3+, rhodamine, and fluorescein.278... 

Several groups have studied introduction of phenylene ethynylene units into PPV backbones. The first material of this type, copolymer 163, was reported by Bunz and coworkers [193] (Chart 2.36). The material displayed blue luminescence in solution (A ax = 460 nm), but due to the polymer s rigid-rod structure, very strong aggregation in the solid state gave rise to... 

The use of luminescent materials, the subject of Chapter 3, which was at one time confined largely to the production of fluorescent lamps and cathode ray tubes has spread further into everyday life. It is a common sight to see phosphorescent safety signage in low-light environments, to wear fluorescent garments, to look at electroluminescent displays and to use light emitting diodes in trafhc control and vehicle... 

Photoluminescence is a term widely applied to the range of phenomena where light emission occurs from a material after energising by photons. In this section of the book the term is specifically applied to the cases where luminescence occurs after the interaction of luminescent materials with narrow band, higher energy ultraviolet radiation, namely in lighting and plasma display panel applications. 

Lanthanides activated luminescent materials are widely used for solid-state lasers, luminescent lamps, flat displays, optical fiber communication systems, and other photonic devices. It is because of the unique solid-state electronic properties that enable lanthanide ions in solids to emit photons efficiently in visible and near IR region. Due to the pioneer work by Dieke, Judd, Wyboume, and others in theoretical and experimental studies of the... 

The mercury-free fluorescent lamps and plasma display panels require alternative luminescent materials for efficient conversion of ultraviolet radiation to visible light. The quantum cutting (two photon luminescence or photon-cascade emission) was demonstrated in famous "Eu -Gd " pair" containing system employing the concept of down-conversion, which means that two visible photons are emitted after... 

Luminescent materials have changed the world. Energy saving lamps, many kinds of displays and modern medical equipment all rely on luminescent materials and it is hardly imaginable that large scale application of luminescent materials started only slightly more than 100 years ago (for an overview see e.g. Ref [5.198]). 

In contrast to organic chromophores, luminescent lanthanide complexes are believed to be promising candidates to solve this problem. The spectroscopic properties of some lanthanide ions are ideal for use in full color displays, as is known from inorganic luminescent materials in cathode-ray and projection television tubes. Luminescent lanthanide complexes belong to a special class of emitters, exhibiting the following important advantages. 

Some applications other than laser materials are the following luminescent materials for lighting, for display in cathode-ray tubes, and for X-ray radiography scintillator materials electroluminescent thin films glasses for solar concentrators colored materials for all types of applications (e.g., pigments). The greater part of these applications were reviewed in refs. 2 and 3. Optical centers can in many cases also be used as probes of the surroundings. 

Jiistel T, Nikol H. Optimization of luminescent materials for plasma display panels. Adv Mater 2000 12 527-30. 

The synthesis, structural characterization and luminescence spectroscopy studies of AV-5 and AV-9 (Aveiro microporous solids no. 5 and 9), the first examples of microporous framework cerium(III) and europium(III) silicates (Na4K2X2Sii6O3gT0H2O, X = Eu, Ce) are reported. Both materials display interesting photoluminescence properties and present potential for applications in optoelectronics. This work illustrates the possibility of combining in a given framework silicate microporosity and optical activity. 

One fast electron creates in the luminescent material many electron-hole pairs which recombine on the luminescent center. This multiplication is one of the factors which have determined the success of the cathode-ray tube as a display. It will be clear that the luminescent materials applied belong to the class of materials where excitation occurs in the host lattice. They will be discussed in Chapter 7 where we will also deal with materials for projection television. In this way the display screen can have a diameter of 2 m. This application puts requirements on luminescent materials which are hard to satisfy. 

Recent research activity in carborane chemistry has been directed toward expanding the use of carborane clusters in materials science including, among others, molecular recognition systems, display devices, modular construction systems, NLO materials and special polymers. Nonetheless, their use in developing functional materials such as olefin polymerization catalysts and luminescent materials is still limited. 

Hatwar, T. K. and Spindler, J. P. 2008. Development of white OLED technology for application in full-color displays and solid state lighting. In Luminescent Materials and Applications, A. Kitai (ed.), John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 111-159. 

Fluorescent screen Different luminescent materials under exposure of ionizing radiation such as invisible alpha particles, electrons, UV light, etc., display visible emission... 

Luminescent materials are widely applied today (e.g., in emissive displays and fluorescent lamps). In Fig. 7.4, some fluorescent lamps are shown. Although the major recycling incentive in the past was the safe removal of the mercury present in the lamps (Silveira and Chang 2011), recent developments are also focussed on recycling the REEs (Dupont and Binnemans 2015). Rare earth elements used in fluorescent lamps are La, Ce, Eu, Tb and Y (Philips Lighting Company 2011 ... 

The Electrochemistry Society Proceedings Series Pits and Pores Formation, Properties and Significance for Advanced Luminescent materials, Corrosion/Luminescence and Display Materials, PV 97-7 1997. 

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