Flat Displays

Azonine anions 1 (X = N M + ), the parent compound 1 (X = NH) and, to a lesser extent, alkyl-substituted derivatives (X = NR), however, can be classified as aromatic, as they are flat, display high thermal stability and exhibit diatropic properties. 

Wener, K. 1997. The flowering of flat displays. IEEE Spectrum 34 40-49. 

Modern communication operates independently of time of day or geographical location. It brings people closer, makes life easier, and has changed the working environment profoundly. At the heart of all this sits a product so common that most people do not even think about its presence. Liquid crystals (LCs) are hi-tech chemical materials with unique properties. Without them we would not have Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) - lightweight, flat displays that consume little energy. 

Lanthanides activated luminescent materials are widely used for solid-state lasers, luminescent lamps, flat displays, optical fiber communication systems, and other photonic devices. It is because of the unique solid-state electronic properties that enable lanthanide ions in solids to emit photons efficiently in visible and near IR region. Due to the pioneer work by Dieke, Judd, Wyboume, and others in theoretical and experimental studies of the... 

K shear torque coefficient, 77 viscosity, flat display RCA Co. (1968) Guesl-host effect the reorientation of LC molecules... 

Screw structure realignment aligns LC molecules perpendicular to the elecrode surface dielectric constant i > u, flat display Schadt( 1971) ... 

Nanotubes exhibit electrical conductivity and may be used as nanowires [103] and nanoscale transistors in the future. A micro cathode ray tube with an extremely flat display has been created using a set of carbon nanotubes, which probe an area of about 1 mm and a depth of about 0.2 mm. 

New electro-optic technologies continue to be developed, and some of them make inroads into the LCD market. Nevertheless, liquid crystal technology - the first other than the CRT to make a significant breakthrough into the mass market and which made possible flat displays and transformed projection display technology - continues to hold a dominant position. This second edition of Fundamentals of Liquid Crystal Devices, with its additions which include references to some very recent work, will ensure that this volume will continue to provide students and other readers at the professional level with a most useful introduction to the subject. 

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have many advantages over other display types. They are flat and compact, possess extremely low-power consumption (microwatts per square centimeter in the case of the twisted nematic effect), their color and contrast does not fade with an increase in the illumination intensity, they work both in transmissive and reflective modes in a wide operating temperature range and with a long lifetime. Besides that, LCDs are the most economically produced flat display systems. LCDs have... 

Flat displays. In this area the main points are the ruggedness of the cell, the low weight and the freedom to use non-rectangular devices. 

The vacuum fluorescence (VF) tube is a modification of the CRT in which the rastered electron beam is replaced by a hot cathode addressable for each pixel. It has proved to be the most useful of the flat CRTs, a bright, rugged, inexpensive display preferred for automobile applications. The cold-cathode version of the VF display is called t it field emission display (FED). Prototype models have been recently shown at Display Works 98. The glass used in these flat displays is similar to that used in conventional CRTs (Table 7.2). 

For colored flat displays, efficient production of the two other basic colors (besides blue)—green and red—is... 

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