Low erucic rapeseed

Rapeseed oil Low-erucic rapeseed oil is now the third largest source of oil after soybean and palm. The seed contains over 40% of oil and this represents about 80% of the seed s commercial value. Seed breeders have developed seeds which produce oil low in erucic acid (<2%) and meal low in the undesirable sulfur-containing glucosinolates (i.e. double low varieties). This low-erucic oil (LEAR)... 

Sensory evaluation is a specialized discipline, using trained panels to measure and analyse the characteristics of food lipids evoked by the senses of taste, smell, sight and mouth feel. Sensory analyses are those most closely associated with the quality of food lipids, but their usefiilness is limited because they are costly and require a well-trained taste and odor panel and the proper facilities. However, sensory analyses provide sometimes ausefiil approach to identifying flavor or odor defects in the processing of food lipids that caimot be detected by other more objective chemical or instrumental analyses. For example, certain flavor defects characterized as grassy or fishy in linolenate-containing oils such as soybean and low-erucic rapeseed (canola) oils (Chapter 1) occur at such low levels of oxidation that they can only be detected by sensory analyses. The old term flavor reversion for soybean oil is based on the characteristic of this oil undergoing flavor deterioration at unusually low levels of oxidation that cannot be measured by peroxide value determination. Oils derived from fish... 

Table 8.5. Effect of deodoiization temperatures on the formation of trans fatty acids, oxyphytosterols and cyclic monomers in low erucic rapeseed oil ...

Selected data from Lambelet etal. (2003). Fatty acid composition of refined low-erucic rapeseed oil (also known as canola oiI)(%) C16 0,4.7 CI8 0,1.7 CI8 I,6I.7 C18 2,20.0 CI8 3,8.3 C20 1,1.3 other, 2.3. Oxyphytosterols include oxides of brassicasterol, campesterol and sitosterol. Cyclic monomers include cis and trans methyl 9-(2-butyIcycIopentyI)nonanoate and cis and trans methyl I0-(2-propylcyclopentyl) decanoate, cis methyl I0-(2-propyIcycIopentenyI) decanoate, and cis methyI9-(2-propylcyclohexyl) nonanoate. 

Chem. Descrip. Low-erucic rapeseed oil monoglyceride, dist. 

Fatty Acid Degree of Saturation3 Common Name Rapeseed (low erucic) Sunflower Linseed Soy Coconut Palm... 

Johansson, A. and Appelqvist, L.A. (1978) The content and composition of sterols and sterol esters in low erucic acid rapeseed. Lipids, 13(10), 658-665. 

Rapeseed oil—low erucic acid (low erucic acid turnip rape oil low erucic acid colza oil, canola oil)... 

Fatty acid Palm stearin Rapeseed oil Rapeseed oil (low erucic acid) Safflowerseed oil Safflowerseed oil (high oleic acid) Sesameseed oil Soyabean oil Sunflowerseed oil Sunflowerseed oil (high oleic acid)... 

Hojerova, J., Schmidt, S, Krempasky, J. 1992. Structure of margarines made with low erucic acid rapeseed oil. Food Struct. 11, 147-154. 

By elimination of erucic acid from traditional high erucic acid rapeseed, the C22 fatty acid family also was eliminated. The replacement canola (low-erucic-acid rapeseed) had one less variety of fatty acids, and became a /3 crystallizer. 

Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil, 8 Low Linolenic Acid Flaxseed Oil (Unhydrogenated), 58 Low Linolenic Acid Linseed Oil, 58 Lysozyme, 18... 

Source Data from B.M. Craig et at, Influence of Genetics, Environment, and Admixtures on Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed in Canada, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., Vol. 50, pp. 395-399, 1973 and M. Vaisey-Genser and N.A.M. Eskin, Canola Oil Properties and Performance, 1987, Canola Council. 

SYNS COLZA OIL FULLY HYDROGENATED R- PESEED OIL LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL... 

Canola Oil Canola oil is obtained from low erucic acid, low glucosinolate rapeseed. The unique polyunsaturated fatty acid and low saturated composition of canola oil differentiates it from other oils. It has a higher oleic acid (18 1) content (55%) and lower linoleic acid (18 2) content (26%) than most other vegetable oils, but it contains 8-12% of linolenic acid (18 3) (58). Canola oil is most widely used in Canada and is considered a nutritionally balanced oil because of its favorable ratio of near 2 1 for linoleic to linolenic acid content. Unlike most other edible oils, the major breakdown products of canola oil are the cis, trans- and tram, trans-2,4-heptadienals with an odor character generally described as oily, fatty, and putty. Stored canola oil shows a sharp increase in the content of its degradation products, which are well above their odor detection thresholds. The aroma is dominated by cis, tram-, tram, frani-2,4-heptadienals, hexanal, nonanal, and the cis, trans- and... 

Sosulski et al. (22) examined the polar lipids (PL), phospholipids, and glycolipids in several rapeseed cultivars, including a low erucic acid winter cultivar grown in Poland and found that phospholipids accounted for the major portion (3.6%) of total polar lipids, whereas glycolipids contributed only 0.9%. A more recent study by Przybylski and Eskin (23) reported changes in phospholipids during canola oil processing, as shown in Table 4. 

Abbreviations HEAR—High erucic rapeseed oil CAN—Canola oil LLCAN—Low linolenic canola oil HOCAN—High oleic canola oil HOLLCAN—High oleic low linolenic canola oil SOY—Soybean oil SUN—Sunflower oil. 

Palm stearin (IV 44) 50% Low-erucic-acid rapeseed (LEAR) oil 101... 

Among vegetable oils, regular sunflower oil is characterized by a medium sterol content. According to the Codex Alimentarius (Codex-Stan 210-1999), the oils with the highest sterol content are rapeseed oil (low erucic acid), with 4800-11,300-ppm sterols com oil with 8000-22,100 ppm, and sesame oil with 4500-19,000 ppm. 

Ecological concern exists about transmission of pollen from some types of plant, such as the Brassicas and tree crops, either into weedy relatives or into crops grown at some distance. This problem is not limited to transgenic plants. Canola, a rape-seed cultivar bred to produce low glucosinolates and low erucic acid, must be planted in isolation from industrial rapeseed, as each crop will result in seed with altered composition from the ideal that is, excessive erucic acid in the canola and less erucic acid in the industrial rapeseed. Because the products of industrial crops are not intended for consumption, and may even be noxious, risk management and containment, including the prevention of intercrop cross-pollination, is... 

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