Direction factor

Ground roughness, building size and height above ground factors S3 Statistical factor S4 Directional factor... 

Why weeds reduce crop yields cannot be adequately answered. Considerable data have accumulated which relate duration of weed presence and weed density to crop yield. However, such data provide little explanation for why crop yields are reduced. The objectives of this paper are to 1) provide an overview of the time relationship of competition for growth factors and of allelopathy as factors in crop yield reduction and 2) suggest a direct feedback effect on reproduction in response to light as a possible third direct factor in explaining effects of weeds on crop yield. 

Allelopathy is the reiaalning direct factor currently used to explain crop yield reductions. For the purpose of placing allelopathy in context with competition in understanding the cause(s) of crop yield reduction from weed presence, only allelopathy associated with weeds present in the crop will be considered. For such weeds, at least in humid temperate regions, allelochemicals contained in weeds can be assumed to enter the crop s environment by exudation, leaching, decomposition or some combination of entry modes. 

MibBtituent from axial to equatorial. On the other hand, this second effect iB not sufficient to offset the first with 8 - cetoxy-5j3,6j3 epoxy steroids. Finally, with respect to 3-oxo-G ,Qa.epoxidos, in wlikh mi furmational effect are negligible to a first approximation, the efeclron-withdrawing influence of the carbonyl dipole is die dominant directive factor, causing fluorohydrin formation exclusively. 

Rationale for direct factor Xa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes... 

In contrast to unfractionated heparin, the factor Xa inhibitor tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) effectively inhibited coronary arterial thrombosis in a canine electrolytic injury model (57). TAP was also effective in inhibition of the procoagulant properties of whole blood clots in vitro however, it was stated that TAP might be not optimal due to its slow binding kinetics (54). Meanwhile, several low molecular weight direct factor Xa inhibitors are in clinical development (Table I), some of them specifically for the treatment and secondary prevention of ACS. DX-9065a, ZK-807834 and otamixaban have been intensively characterized in vitro and in vivo and are in clinical investigations for the treatment of acute arterial thrombosis. 

The first evidence for the ex vivo antithrombotic effects of a direct factor Xa inhibitor in humans was provided in the Badimon chamber (71). Healthy volunteers received escalating... 

A further direct factor Xa inhibitor, otamixaban, is currently being investigated in the SEPIA-PCI trial in patients undergoing nonurgent PCI in comparison to heparin (78). 

Becker RC, AlexanderJ, Dyke CK, et al. Development of DX-9065a, a novel direct factor Xa antagonist, in cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost 2004 92 1 I 82-1 I 93. 

Gerotziafas GT Elalamy I, Chakroun T et al. The oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor—BAY 59-7939—inhibits thrombin generation in vitro after tissue factor pathway activation. J Thromb Haemost 2005 3(suppl l) P2295. 

Harder S, Graff J, von Hentig N, et al. Effects of BAY 59-7939, an innovative, oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor, on thrombin generation in healthy volunteers. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2003 33(suppl 2) PO078. 

Paccaly A, Ozoux ML, Chu V et al. Pharmacodynamic markers in the eariy clinical assessment of otamixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor. Thromb Haemost 2005 94 1 156-1 163. 

Just M, Lorenz M, Skrzipczyk HJ, et al. Otamixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, more potently inhibits experimental coronary thrombosis than bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor. J Thromb Haemost 2005 3(suppl I ) P01 15. 

Shimbo D, Osende J, Chen J, et al. Antithrombotic effects of DX-9065a, a direct factor Xa inhibitor a comparative study in humans versus low molecular weight heparin. Thromb Haemost 2002 88 733-738. 

Hinder M, Frick A, Rosenburg R, et al. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects are maintained following coadministration of otamixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, and acetylsalicylic acid. Thromb Haemost 2006 95 224-228. 

Dyke CK, Becker RC, Kleiman NS, et al. First experience with direct factor Xa inhibition in patients with stable coronary disease a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Circulation 2002 105 2385-2391... 

Becker RC, Alexander JH, Dyke C, et al. Effect of the novel direct factor Xa inhibitor DX-9065a on thrombin generation and inhibition among patients with stable atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Thromb Res 2006 I 17 439-446,... 

In summary, rivaroxaban 1 is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor and is the first approved factor Xa inhibitor on the European and Canadian market. This class of inhibitors is expected to expand, with new members currently in late-stage clinical development. Rivaroxaban is indicated for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events in patients who have undergone elective total hip or total knee replacement surgery. Rivarobaxan was underwent extensive clinical program that included three Phase III trials of rivaroxaban involving a total of nearly 12,000 patients. The results from these three studies demonstrated the superior efficacy of the factor Xa inhibitor, both in head-to-head comparisons with enoxaparin and when comparing extended-duration (5 weeks) rivaroxaban with short-duration (2 weeks) enoxaparin. In all three... 

Since the direction of the vector is important, the tangent of the vector is called the direction factor and denoted by D (5 ) T0 AS... 

When the heat capacity cp is assumed to be constant between these temperatures, the direction factor D is given as... 

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