Oxygen metabolism

There is significant controversy over the role of loop diuretics in the treatment of ARE Theoretical benefits in hastening recovery of renal function include decreased metabolic oxygen requirements of the kidney, increased resistance to ischemia, increased urine flow rates that reduce intraluminal obstruction and filtrate backleak, and renal vasodilation.6 Theoretically, these effects could lead to increased urine output, decreased need for dialysis, improved renal recovery, and ultimately, increased survival. However, there are conflicting... 

The brain and other areas of the central nervous system (CNS) have high ATP requirements. Although the brain only represents about 2% of the body s mass, it consumes around 20% of the metabolized oxygen and ca. 60% of the glucose. The neurons high energy requirements are mainly due to ATP-de-pendent ion pumps (particularly Na7K " AT-Pase) and other active transport processes that are needed for nerve conduction (see p. 350). 

Change in metabolism Oxygen uptake rate Respiration activity (TTC reduction) ATP concentration... 

Barbiturates depress neuronal activity in the CNS. This is accompanied by decreased cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption and decreased cerebral blood flow, since the coupling of blood flow to brain metabolism is preserved with the barbiturates. It also results in a decrease in ICP. Barbiturates depress neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex, thalamus and motor centers. Barbiturates are effective anticonvulsants (see Ch. 9), reduce intraocular pressure, increase the threshold of spinal reflexes and provide excellent muscle relaxation. The barbiturates lack specific analgesic effects and are, therefore, not suitable as the sole anesthetic for invasive procedures. 

FIGURE 4.3 Variation of dissolved oxygen content of pond water with aquatic plants as affected by photosynthetic activity accompanying sunshine, and metabolic oxygen consumption during dark hours. Data plotted from Klein [13]. 

Keywords. Xylose, Fermentation, Respiration, Metabolic engineering. Regulation, Regulatory mechanisms. Pentose metabolism. Oxygen regulation. Glucose regulation... 

Craig, H., 1971. The deep metabolism oxygen consumption in abyssal ocean water. J. Geophys. Res., 76 5078—5082. 

As a result of microbial metabolism, oxygen tension succesively decreased within the membrane until a steady state was reached,... 

Konings, H. and H. Lambers. 1991. Respiratory metabolism oxygen transport and the induction of aerenchyma in roots. In M. B. Jackson, D. D. Davies, and H. Lambers (eds.) Plant Life under Oxygen Deprivation. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 247-265. 

Oxygen is needed for aerobic metabolism. Oxygen is usually required for the final metabolic stages that form water and carbon dioxide (from carbohydrates and lipids) and various nitrogen... 

To carry out metabolism, oxygen is taken up by hemoglobin (Hb) to form oxyhemoglobin (Hb02) according to the simplified equation... 

Hypoxia Hypoxia is a lack of metabolic oxygen reaching cells. A complete lack of oxygen at the cell level is anoxia. A reduction in oxygen transport affects cell metabolism. One can express the oxygen deficiency in altitude, saturation of red cells, or partial pressure. The effects are a result of the degree of hypoxia. 

---