Liver malignant neoplasms

An excess mortality of cirrhosis of the liver was observed in 9028 workers employed from 1940 to 1944 at a cable manufacturing plant with chlorinated naphthalene exposure. Cirrhosis deaths were similarly elevated in a subcohort of 460 individuals who had shown symptoms of chloracne. A cancer mortality study of this same subcohort found an excess of two rare causes of death, malignant neoplasm of the esophagus and benign and unspecified neoplasms. ... 

In humans methylene chloride exposure has been associated with a wide variety of cancers in a number of cohort and case control studies pancreatic, prostate, lung, liver, cervical, breast, and astrocytic brain tumors have been reported. Limitations in these studies include small sample size, incomplete exposure information, and concomitant exposure to other carcinogenic substances. The lARC has stated that there is not a sufficiently consistent elevation of risk across studies to make a causal interpretation credible. In a recent study of 1473 workers, followed for nearly 50 years, methylene chloride exposure level was not related to mortality due to all causes, malignant neoplasms, or lung and pancreatic cancers. ... 

Chen CJ, Chuang YC, You SL, Lin TM and Wu HY (1986) A retrospective study on malignant neoplasms of bladder, lung and liver in blackfoot disease endemic area in Taiwan. Br J Cancer 53 299-405. 

Polycystic Liver Disease 139 Neoplasms 140 Benign Neoplasms 140 Malignant Neoplasms 145... 

The malignant neoplasms of the liver most commonly seen in children are hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the incidence of hepatoblastoma is higher, and has been increasing over the last two decades compared with that of hepatocellular carcinoma, the survival rates for hepatocellular carcinoma are lower than those of hepatoblastoma (Darbari et al. 2003). 

Many benign and malignant neoplasms (the latter being divided into primary and secondary tumors) can be located within the liver parenchyma. Diagnostic assessment of these neoplasms can be achieved by traditional examination techniques implemented by 3D reconstructions (Bartolozzi and Lencioni 1999). 

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant neoplasm world-wide, with an estimated incidence of more than 500,000 new cases per year (Llovet et al. 2003). Hepatocellular carcinoma usually occurs in patients with long standing cirrhosis induced by hepatitis B or C viral infections or protracted alcohol intake. In drrhotic liver, hepatocellular carcinoma is the result of the evolution of regenerative nodules into dysplastic nodules, with different degree of atypia, and finally into overt hepatocellular carcinoma (Arakawa et al. 1986). However,... 

Cancer is uncommon during the first two decades of life, but is nonetheless a substantial concern. In the United States, cancer is diagnosed in approximately 12 400 children and adolescents annually and is the most common cause of death from any kind of disease between 1 and 19 years of age. In the United States and other developed countries, lymphoid neoplasms (leukaemia, lymphoma) and cancers of the central nervous system are the most common paediatric malignancies. Other kinds of childhood tumours include embryonal tumours of the retina, sympathetic nervous system, kidney, and liver tumours of bone and soft connective tissues and certain gonadal neoplasms. Different kinds of cancer (e.g. carcinomas of liver or thyroid) may predominate in children in parts of the world where specific environmental risk factors are more prevalent. 

Cyclophosphamide most commonly is used in combination with other antineoplastic agents to treat a wide range of neoplasms, including leukemias and malignant lymphomas, multiple myeloma, ovarian adenocarinoma, and breast cancer. The drug is metabolized in the liver... 

---