Liver neoplasm

Chlordane interacts with other chemicals to produce additive or more-than-additive toxicity. For example, chlordane increased hepatotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride in the rat (USEPA 1980 WHO 1984), and in combination with dimethylnitrosamine acts more than additively in producing liver neoplasms in mice (Williams and Numoto 1984). Chlordane in combination with either endrin, methoxychlor, or aldrin is additive or more-than-additive in toxicity to mice (Klaassen et al. 1986). Protein deficiency doubles the acute toxicity of chlordane to rats (WHO 1984). In contrast, chlordane exerts a protective effect against several organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides (WHO 1984), protects mouse embryos against influenza virus infection, and mouse newborns against oxazolone delayed hypersensitivity response (Barnett et al. 1985). More research seems warranted on interactions of chlordane with other agricultural chemicals. 

Williams, G.M. and S. Numoto. 1984. Promotion of mouse liver neoplasms by the organochlorine pesticides chlordane and heptachlor in comparison to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Carcinogenesis 5 1689-1696. 

After 48 h, liver DNA and RNA contained 1-2.4% of administered dose a similar case is made for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Control mortality ranged between 6.5 and 10% mortality in BaP-treated fish ranged between 40 and 78% in a dose-dependent manner. Liver neoplasm frequency in controls at age 1 year was 1.8% for the 4.5-9.0-pg groups (49.5-91.0 mg/kg), these values ranged between 5 and 6% for the 18-pg group (197.8 mg/kg FW), the liver neoplasm frequency was 16% at age 12 months after a single-dose exposure as embryos... 

MEDAKA, Oryzias latipes Exposed to approximately 5, 40, or 200 pg BaP/L for 6 h, once weekly, for up to 4 weeks 6-10-day-old fish Liver neoplasms at intermediate and high 26 concentration exposures... 

Neoplasms in several species of fishes have been produced experimentally with 3-methyl-cholanthrene, acetylaminofluorene, benzol a Ipyrcnc, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, with tumors evident 3 to 12 months postexposure (Couch and Harshbarger 1985 Hendricks et al. 1985 Hawkins et al. 1989). Under laboratory conditions, liver neoplasms were induced in two species of minnows (Poeciliopsis spp.) by repeated short-term exposures (6 h once a week, for... 

Baumann, P.C. and J.C. Harshbarger. 1995. Decline in liver neoplasms in wild brown bullhead catfish after coking plant closes and environmental PAHs plummet. Environ. Health Perspect. 103 168-170. 

In 2-year dermal studies there was no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats but there was clear evidence of carcinogenicity in mice based on increased incidences of liver neoplasms in males and females and increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms in males. It has also been noted that in the presence of N-nitrosating agents, DEA may give rise to 7VN-nitrosodiethanolamine, a known animal carcinogen. The lARC has determined that there is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of diethanolamine in experimental animals and inadequate evidence in humans. ... 

Two-year inhalation studies (6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 103 weeks) in rodents showed clear evidence of carcinogenicity. Mice exposed at 375 and 750ppm had increased incidences of harderian gland adenomas and carcinomas female mice exposed at 188 and 750 ppm had increased liver neoplasms female rats in the 188 and 375ppm-exposed groups had increased incidences of mammary gland fibroadenomas and carcinomas. Other treatment-related effects were an increase in nasal lesions and degeneration of the respiratory epithelium in mice. 

Male Fischer 344 rats were fed 200 ppm 2-acetylaminofiuorene (AAF) for seven weeks to induce hepatocellular altered foci, and were subsequently fed 0 or 12 000 ppm di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (98% pure) in the diet. No evidence of induction of hepatocellular altered foci or hepatic neoplasms was found when di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was given alone for 24 weeks. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate fed for 24 weeks increased basophilic foci, but showed no promoting effect on iron-excluding altered hepatic foci induced by AAF, and produced no significant enhancement of the occurrence of AAF-induced liver neoplasms (3/6 compared with 3/12) (Williams et al., 1987). 

Carbon tetrachloride was tested for carcinogenicity by various routes of administration. It produced liver neoplasms in mice and rats and mammary neoplasms in rats following subcutaneous injection. In one study in mice by inhalation, an increased incidence of phaeochromocytomas was reported. In experiments involving administration of carbon tetrachloride after known carcinogens, the occurrence of tumours and/or pre-neoplastic lesions of the liver in mice, rats and hamsters was enhanced. 

Kopanski Z, Sliwinska M, Piekoszewski W, Habiniak J, Wojewoda T, Wojewoda A, Schlegel-Zawadzka M, Sibiga W (2001) Endogenous diazepam concentrations in the serum of patients with liver neoplasms. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 39 124—126... 

There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of ETU in experimental animals (refs. l8la,b). Given ETU in the diet, rats developed thyroid cancers and liver neoplasms (ref. l8lb). The compound is also a known goitrogen. 

Various liver neoplasms due to chronic alpha-ray irradiation have been attributed to Thorotrast, most notably hepatocellular carcinoma, angiosarcoma, and cholangio-carcinoma. Multiple Thorotrast-induced primary tumors are rare but have been reported in a report from Japan (3). 

Ethylene thiourea is toxic and known to produce thyroid neoplasms (thyroid hyperplasia) in rats and liver neoplasms in mice following long-term administration NIOSH potential occupational carcinogen NTP Suspect carcinogen OSHA Possible suspect carcinogen. Acute oral toxicity (LD50) 1832 mg/kg [Rat],... 

Baumann, P.C. and Harshbarger, J.C. (1998) Long-term trends in liver neoplasm epizootics of brown bullhead in the Black river, Ohio. Environ. Monito. Assess., 51, 213-223. 

Collier, T.K., S.V. Singh, Y.C. Awasthi and U. Varanasi. Hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in two species of benthic fish showing different prevalences of contaminant-associated liver neoplasms. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 113 319-324, 1992. 

Malins, D.C., B.B. McCain, M.S. Myers, D.W. Brown, M.M. Krahn, W.T. Roubal, M.H. Schiewe, J.T. Landahl and S.L. Chan. Field and laboratory studies of the etiology of liver neoplasms in marine fish from Puget Sound. Environ. Health Per sped. 71 5—16, 1987. 

Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, or liver neoplasm Thrombosis of abdominal artery or vein,... 

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