Lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate

Lithium tetrafluoroborate, (LiBF4), lithium hexafluorophosphate, (LiPF6), lithium hexafluoroarsenate, (LiAsF ), lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, (LiSOjCFj), are the electrolyte salts of the 21st Century. The performance of lithium ion cells, primary and secondary lithium cells depends on the purity of these compounds. Several hundred tons of these materials have been produced and many more tons — and perhaps thousands of tons — will be required in the near future. One of the largest automotive producers predicts that there may be a market for 10-15 million pounds of these salts. The demand for Lithium ion primary cells is also very huge in electronics, computers, communication systems and military applications. 

Lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate LiS03CF3, can be easily prepared by the neutralization process. Commercially available trifluoromethane sulfonic acid is distilled and neutralized with either LiOH or Li2C03 and the hydrated salt is obtained. Water of hydration is removed under vacuum without any difficulty. This salt is more stable at higher temperatures than LiBF4 and LiPF6. The order of performance as an electrolyte in lithium batteries is as follows ... 

Figure 37. Nyquist plot of the experimental (solid circles) and simulated (solid Une) impedance spectrum of TRPyPz/CuTSPc film modified ITO electrode, from 1 to 100 kHz, at 0.95 and 0.60 V inset). Electrolyte 0.10 Af lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate aqueous solution.

As shown in Fig. 7.10A, the PLEC was fabricated with a simple sandwiched structure of ITO/polymer/Al. The active layer contained an alkoxyphenyl substituted poly(l,4-phenylene vinylene) (AP-PPV), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), and lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate (LiTf). When a bias voltage was initially applied, the PIN junction was formed by electrochemical doping (Fig. 7.1 OB). At the same time, the ionic conduction channels would be cut off due to the polymerizing of small molecules... 

In most cases a mixture of propylene carbonate and dimethoxy methane with lithium perchlorate or lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate as electrolyte salt is applied. Mixtures of tetrahydrofurane, butyrolactone, and dioxolane are used also. As an example of a passivation layer on the lithium metal anode in a cell with a solid cathode and a fluid organic electrolytic solvent we see here the dense and stable layer of lithium carbonate as the reaction product of lithium with propylene carbonate. 

As discussed previously in the section on primary batteries, an acrylate is often used as a crosslinkable monomer to form a polymer matrix for a nonaqueous electrolyte. The salt-in-polymer type polymer electrolyte made by dissolving trifluoroethylene glycol methacrylate into methoxy poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate) forms a comb-like network structure at the covalently bonded portion. The ethylene oxide chain consists of 22 monomer units, and the ionic conductivity at room temperature is reported to be 10 S/cm. If sodium thiocyanate is used [30] instead of lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, the ionic conductivity reduced to 10 S/cm. However, by adding 50 wt% of PC as a plasticizer, the ionic conductivity reaches 10 " S/cm. 

In Li-Mn02 batteries, lithium perchlorate (LiCl04) or lithium trifluoromethane-sulfonate (LiCp3S03) is widely employed as an electrolytic solute, and mainly propylene carbonate (PC) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) are employed as a mixed solvent. The PC-DME-UCLO4 electrolyte shows high conductivity (>10 cm ) and low viscosity (<3 cP). 

Density, viscosity and conductivity of lithium-trifluoromethane sulfonate in Dimethylsulfite. 

We have further examined the effect of initiators and solvents on the equilibrium product distribution. The use of lithium tert-butoxide instead of potassium tert-butoxide and the change of solvent from THF to toluene showed no effect on the product distribution of e-caprolactone oligomers.4 Also we are examining the equilibrium oligomer distribution in cationic system such as trifluoromethane sulfonic acid catalyst.z... 

ALDOL CONDENSATION Cesium fluoride. Dialkylboron trifluoromethane-sulfonates. Dichlorobis(cyclopentadi-enyl)zirconium. Diisobutylaluminum phenoxide. 2,5-Dimethylphenylpropi-onate. DimetIiyl(phenyllhio)aIuminum. Lithium iodide. Triethylborane. Tri-methylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. Triphenyltin chloride. TrisCdiethyI-amino)sulfonium difluorotrimethyl-siliconate. 

CYCLOBOTANONES 1-Chloro-N.N,2-tiimethylpropenylamine. Hydrogen bromide. Lithium iodide. Trifluoromethane-sulfonic anhydride. 

Cobalt chloride (ous) Diethyl pyrocarbonate Lithium citrate BHT substitute, polyolefins Octadecyl 3,5-di-t-butyM-hydroxyhydrocinnamate Bi detection Dimethyl glyoxime biaryl formation Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid bilirubin testing, urine 5-Sulfosalicylic acid 5-Sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate binder... 

Electrical conductivity measurements have been reported on a wide range of polymers including carbon nanofibre reinforced HOPE [52], carbon black filled LDPE-ethylene methyl acrylate composites [28], carbon black filled HDPE [53], carbon black reinforced PP [27], talc filled PP [54], copper particle modified epoxy resins [55], epoxy and epoxy-haematite nanorod composites [56], polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends [57], polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibre/PC composites [58], PC/MnCli composite films [59], titanocene polyester derivatives of terephthalic acid [60], lithium trifluoromethane sulfonamide doped PS-block-polyethylene oxide (PEO) copolymers [61], boron containing PVA derived ceramic organic semiconductors [62], sodium lanthanum tetrafluoride complexed with PEO [63], PC, acrylonitrile butadiene [64], blends of polyethylene dioxythiophene/ polystyrene sulfonate, PVC and PEO [65], EVA copolymer/carbon fibre conductive composites [66], carbon nanofibre modified thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers [67], PPY [68], PPY/PP/montmorillonite composites [69], carbon fibre reinforced PDMS-PPY composites [29], PANI [70], epoxy resin/PANI dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid blends [71], PANI/PA 6,6 composites [72], carbon fibre EVA composites [66], HDPE carbon fibre nanocomposites [52] and PPS [73]. 

Electrical properties have been reported on numerous carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, including carbon nanoflber-modified thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers [53], low-density polyethylene [54], ethylene vinyl acetate [55], wire coating varnishes [56], polydimethyl siloxane polypyrrole composites [50], polyacrylonitrile [59], polycarbonate [58], polyacrylonitrile-polycarbonate composites [58], modified chrome polymers [59], lithium trifluoromethane sulfonamide-doped polystyrene-block copolymer [60], boron-containing polyvinyl alcohols [71], lanthanum tetrafluoride complexed ethylene oxide [151, 72, 73], polycarbonate-acrylonitrile diene [44], polyethylene deoxythiophe-nel, blends of polystyrene sulfonate, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene oxide [43], poly-pyrrole [61], polypyrrole-polypropylene-montmorillonite composites [62], polydimethyl siloxane-polypyrrole composites [63], polyaniline [46], epoxy resin-polyaniline dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid blends [64], and polyaniline-polyamide 6 composites [49]. 

The complementary segment, bis(3-dimethylaminoenone) 14 was also prepared from 9 via dibenzylidene derivative 13. Macrocyclization was effected by treating a 1 1 mixture of 12 and 14 with trifluoromethane-sulfonic acid in hot acetic acid followed by ammonium acetate. Neutralization of the reaction mixture with lithium hydroxide and chromatography of the chloroform extract gave torand 15 as the calcium triflate complex in 12 yield. Calcium is introduced as a 0.3% impurity in the triflic acid used in this experiment. The spectroscopic properties of 15 are similar to those reported for the unsubstituted parent system. 

Preparative Methods obtained by reaction of 1-butyl thio-propionate with lithium diisopropylamide in THE and subsequent trapping with 1-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethane-sulfonate (95% Z isomer), or with LDA in THF/HMPT and subsequent trapping with 1-butyldimethylchlorosilane (95% E isomer). ... 

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