Secondary lithium-manganese dioxide

Finally, Table 10 shows the specifications of secondary lithium-manganese dioxide batteries. Recently, the use of these batteries as sources for memory backup has expanded remarkably [47]. 

Secondary lithium-metal batteries which have a lithium-metal anode are attractive because their energy density is theoretically higher than that of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-molybdenum disulfide batteries were the world s first secondary cylindrical lithium—metal batteries. However, the batteries were recalled in 1989 because of an overheating defect. Lithium-manganese dioxide batteries are the only secondary cylindrical lithium—metal batteries which are manufactured at present. Lithium-vanadium oxide batteries are being researched and developed. Furthermore, electrolytes, electrolyte additives and lithium surface treatments are being studied to improve safety and recharge-ability. 

Catalogue of secondary lithium-manganese dioxide batteries, Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., 1997. 

SAFT Socidte des Accumulateurs, Fixes et de Trac-lion, 156 Avenue de Metz, 93230 Romainville Secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen, cuprous chloride, nickel-cadmium, lithium-manganese dioxide thermal cells, nickel-metal hydride secondary, sodium-nickel chloride secondary. See also SAFT (UK) and SAFT (US). (Chloride Alkad is now part of SAFT). 

Primary batteries, zinc-alkaline manganese dioxide, mercury-zinc, carbon-zinc Leclanche, magnesium types, silver oxide-zinc, zinc chloride Leclanche, zinc-air secondary batteries, alkaline, nickel-iron, nickel-cadmium, silver-zinc, sealed lead-acid, zinc-air, nickel-metal hydride secondary, lithium-manganese dioxide, lithium-silver chromate, lithium-lead bismuthate. 

Matsushita Co., lithium-carbon monofluoride, lithium-manganese dioxide, nickel-metal hydride secondary. 

Yuasa Battery Co. Ltd, 6-6 Josai-cho, Takatsukishi, Osaka-fii 569 also International Division, 12-112 Chome, Higashi-Shinbashi Minako-ku, Tokyo 105 Primary batteries, carbon-zinc Leclanchd, silver oxide-zinc secondary batteries, nickel-iron, nickel-cadmium, silver-zinc, silver-cadmium, sealed lead-acid. Sodium-sulphur, lithium-manganese dioxide. 

Kuwabata S, Kishimoto A, Tanaka T, Yoneyama H. Electrochemical synthesis of composite films of manganese dioxide and polypyrrole and their properties as an active material in lithium secondary batteries. J Electrochem Soc 1994 141 10-15. 

The development of new products with less or without dangerous substances must be a future goal of priority to avoid hazards to the environment. Good examples are lithium primary and secondary cells and the mercury-free rechargeable alkaline manganese dioxide cell, which is produced at a pilot plant in Canada [57]. But also the nickel-metalhydride cell will be a favourite to supplement and partly substitute nickel-cadmium cells. 

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