Future goals

A future goal for the integration of graphics and process design simulators is to be able to use an interactive graphics program to prepare the input to the process simulator. This capabiHty would allow tme on-line process modification, flow-sheet optimization, and process optimization, and is likely to be one of the key developments in this field in the 1990s (99). 

An important future goal of catalytic surface science is to monitor the structure of surfaces and adsorbates at the molecular level in situ under catalytic reaction conditions, to model the more complex technical catalysts, and to undertake the design and tuning of new catalyst surfaces. 

In inverse calibration one models the properties of interest as a function of the predictors, e.g. analyte concentrations as a function of the spectrum. This reverses the causal relationship between spectrum and chemical composition and it is geared towards the future goal of estimating the concentrations from newly measured spectra. Thus, we write... 

Shi S-R, Cote RJ, Taylor CR. Standardization and further development of antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry strategies and future goals. I. Histotechnol. 1999 22 177-192. 

The various problems inherent in these plans included acquisition of data bases, design of programs, dissemination of the resulting system and linking, via CAS registration numbers, of the various CIS components. These problems, as has been described above, have been solved conceptually and, to a large extent, practically, and the CIS, as it now stands, is the result. It is now possible therefore to review the system in an effort to define future goals, and a number of these seem fairly clear. 

Far from the metal trace analysis, our initial studies with BCFMEs were focused on the determination of folic acid [122], In this case, the main goal was the optimisation of the electrode pretreatment for this analyte. An acidic medium (0.1M perchloric acid) was considered optimum for folic acid determination by differential pulse voltammetry. A linear range between 2.0 x HT8 and 1.0 x 10 6M with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10 8M was obtained. Nevertheless, in this work, the adsorptive properties of the folic acid on mercury were noted and the employment of mercury-coated carbon fibre UMEs for folic acid determination has been targeted as a future goal. 

At the time of writing this book, publications regarding applications of genomics and proteomics in biocatalysis are still exceedingly rare. However, one particular pertinent example is discussed below, and many more examples are certain to be published in the next few years, and the field of metabolic engineering, which has already achieved a number of successes and is discussed in the next section, is very likely to use more and more genomics and proteomics methods to achieve its future goals. 

Stone R.S. (1998). Monitoring aerosol optical depth at Barrow, Alaska and South Pole Historical overview, recent results, and future goals. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16565-16579. 

Einhellig, F.A. Allelopathy Current status and future goals. In Allelopathy, organisms, processes, and applications. Inderjit, K.MM. Dakshini, F.A. Einhellig. eds. Washington, DC American Chemical Society. 1995 pp. 1-24. 

It is noteworthy that in the study of A. cocke relli (Smith etal, 2009), synthetic n-alkanes were used, while in other studies usually branched or unsaturated alkanes were synthesized. However, standard synthesis of such compounds leads to a mixture of stereoisomers. If social insects can differentiate between these stereoisomers, bioassays with such synthetic compounds may lead to artifacts. An important future goal is to assess the importance of such stereoisomers and test the respective natural form in the bioassays. 

Blauenstein P (1990) Rhenium in nuclear medicine - general aspects and future goals. New J Chem 14 405 107... 

SET IMMEDIATE GOALS )-( ASSESS FUTURE GOALS/NEEDS) GOALS... 

Future goals for the increased use of atomic absorption are the production of simple general methods and the further simplification of analytical techniques. One example is the determination of acid-soluble aluminium in steel, which is still significant during steel production. With the help of a con-... 

Ganderton,D. (1999), Targeted delivery of inhaled drugs Current challenges and future goals, J. Aerosol Med., 12 (Suppl. 1), S3-S8. 

Saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance experiments have shown that there is a strong interaction between the enzyme and the (R)-enantiomers of the alcohols, but not the (S)-enantiomers (H. W. Anthonsen, unpublished results). As described above, addition of a small amount of pure (R)-alcohols increased the 5-value of kinetic resolution and, moreover, the effect disappeared quickly. The reason is probably that the alcohol moves into the active site where it is esterified. A future goal is to find an additive that can bind irreversibly to this unknown allosteric site, thus causing a lasting effect. 

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