Online literature searching

Until recently searching the chemical literature meant looking only at printed materials (some of which might be on microfilm or microfiche). Now, however, much of the literature can be searched online, including some of the most important. Whether the search is online or uses only the printed material, there are two basic types of search, (1) searches for information about one or more specific compounds or classes of compounds, and (2) other types of searches. First, we will discuss searches using only printed materials, and then online searching. ... 

As with chemical synthesis, the first step when prospecting for a particular biotransformation is to perform a literature search to check whether a suitable precedent has been described. Extensive technical literature resources in the public domain provide both examples of specific enzyme-catalysed reactions and descriptions of transformations where enzyme activity is inferred if not explicitly described. Currently, searches of online databases such as PubMed reveal over 2000 new publications per annum in the subject of enzyme catalysis (excluding reviews). 

Online Societies, Online Literature Searching, and Materials and Equipment Websites... 

The patent offices worldwide have opened their databases to the public there is no better place to start the search for patentability than with these free databases the same databases that provide additional services and literature search are packaged by other vendors. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (1) has created one of the world s largest electronic databases that includes every patent issued recently, published applications are also available in the database. Scientists are strongly urged to develop expert skills in interacting with the database of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The search at United States Patent and Trademark Office can be most beneficial if the scientist learns how to use the patent classification system. (Tutorials are available at the United States Patent and Trademark Office website alternately, please consult Filing Patents Online A Professional Guide by Sarfaraz K. Niazi, CRC Press 2002). 

It is useful to compare the history of the development of thermal analysis with the history of the development of the quartz crystal microbalance. Scopus (www.Scopus.com) is the largest online abstract and citation database of scientific and technical research literature and quality web sources. A search using the term thermal analysis and the terms QCM or quartz crystal microbalance in Scopus, found all references dating to 1966. A Scopus literature search on the latter terms... 

RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD. Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY4 4NR UK, +44 (0)1939 250383. Publishes Adhesives Abstracts, a monthly alerting service covering nearly 500 journals, international conferences, standards, specifications and more. Has numerous Published Searches, which are bibliographies in selected technology areas from online literature searches, many of which are adhesive industry related. Also has several Review Reports covering adhesive industry related topics. 

Some official bodies publish extensive reviews of hazard data, and many common solvents are covered by the USA NIOSH Criteria Documents [2], the USA ACGIH TLV Documentation [3] and the UK HSE Criteria Document Summaries [4]. Several textbooks contain useful data [5,6], and the ultimate source of information is the open scientific literature, to which access may be gained by searching online databases, for example toxline [7]. 

Includes research and investigation, testing of devices, reading depositions, deposition and trial preparation, telephone counseling, oral and written reports, literature searches in extensive personal library, online Hterature searches of all books in all campus libraries, journal literature and patent searches from computer in my office, searches in University of Wisconsin Engineering Library (which contains all patents). 

Once you have selected your starting materials, you will determine the complete structure of the condensation product that you expect to be formed in your reaction. You will also determine the molecular formula. With this information, you will be able to conduct an online literature search of Chemical Abstracts using STN Easy or SciFinder Scholar. From the literature search, you will be able to obtain the complete name of your target chalcone, its CAS Registry Number, and literature citations from the primary chemical literature. These literature citations should be... 

Many of the professional societies producing online databases will undertake a literature search. A society member is frequently entitled to reduced charges for this service. In addition to indexes and abstracts, periodicals, encyclopedias, and handbooks are available online. There seems to be virtually no limit to the information that can be made available online or on CD-ROM s, which can be networked in large institutions with many potential users. The high demand for quick information retrieval ensures the expansion of this service. In addition to the online indexes, several library networks and consortia, such as OCLC, the Online Computer Library Center, located in Columbus, Ohio, produce online databases. These are essentially equivalent to the catalogs of member hbraries and can be used to determine which library owns a particular book or subscribes to a particular periodical. 

Mobile connectivity enables providers to use them in local and remote clinical settings (Mosa et al. 2012). It can provide access to databases on disease-diagnostic guidelines, dmg references, literature search, and medical education materials at the point of care, 24/7. It facilitates emergency rooms in remote locations to stay connected they can access online consultation, telemedicine, and obtain help in trouble shooting. With its graphic capability, it should soon be possible to provide online consultation in real time surgery. 

Once it is known which compounds need to be made, the next step is to study synthetic routes. Online literature searches may be carried out or reaction databases may be u.sed. Reaction indexing and synthesis planning are discus.sed elsewhere (see Reaction Classification Reaction Databases and Synthesis Design). There are many databases of known reactions. 

It is particularly important to gather a large number of search terms, which are closely related to the search topic when carrying out a literature search about a subject as extensive as the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in order to ensure that even publications, which do not include the term Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, but report on research results of this reaction, are also found. In both manual and computer assisted searches compiling search terms is the most important step, as this is the development of a search profile. Once again the Index Guide is indispensable for this purpose, and every search, whether online or manual, should start with the Index Guide. 

Until this point, i.e. back to 1967, this search can be conducted online very quickly, as illustrated in Sect. 7.3.1.1, Fig. 119 Firstly all names to piceol are selected in the Registry File and then transferred to the CA File to conduct the literature search. Looking for the literature before 1967, the printed Chemical Abstracts have to be consulted. 

The Registry Handbook - Common Names provides a simple method of determining, which chemical substance is meant by a trade or trivial name or vice versa and which other names are known for a certain substance. This is especially important for literature searches in which no CAS Registry Numbers can be used, only substance names. In many cases it can save an expensive online search in the Registry File. 

The illustrative structural diagram with the numerical locants on the constituent atoms is particularly helpful when the systematic Index Names of derivatives of the appropriate ring system are sou t. With these names a literature search can be rapidly carried out either online or in the CAS printed services. 

Chemical Abstracts, Engineered Materials, Engineering Index, and other indexes such as Current Contents or the National Technical Information Service are available online through many vendors, on CDROM, at libraries, and over the Internet, via accounts with security and passwords. They are still available in paper copy at many libraries. Before doing any kind of literature search, the researcher must first decide how much information is needed, for what time period, what limits such as language or type of material are to be applied, and how much time is to be devoted to the search. Then each resource can be evaluated for what is covered and how it is indexed so that the proper tools will be used. Finding information is a lot like doing an experiment. Many paths can be explored and different techniques are tried until the researcher is satisfied. 

Most database users do not know how the data are organized in a database system (DBS) they depend solely on the application programs. This is sufficient for most database searches where users can receive large amounts of results quickly and easily, e.g., on literature or other information. Nevertheless, a basic knowledge on where and how to find deeper or more detailed information is quite useful. Due to their complex nature, comprehensive searches (e.g., for processes or patents) are not recommended for beginners. However, most local (in-house), online, and CD-ROM databases provide extensive tutorials and help functions that are specific to the database, and that give a substantial introduction into database searching. 

Note Literature selected randomly by online search. 

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