Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis

R.P.W. Scott, C.G. Scott, M. Munroe and J. Hess Jr., Interface for on-line liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis, J. Chromatogr., 99 (1974) 395-405. 

VanHoenacker G, Sandra P. High temperature Uquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of octylphenol ethoxylates on different stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2005 1082(2) 193—202. 

In the present chapter, various tools such as thin-layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectroscopy, and NMR used in analysis of flavonoids are discussed. In addition, the relevance and application of such tools in the analysis of flavanones, with emphasis on citrus flavanones, is discussed. 

Vanhoenacker, G., De Villiers, A., Lazou, K., De Keukeleire, D., Sandra, P. (2001). Comparison of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy and Capillary Electrophoresis - Mass Spectroscopy for the analysis of phenolic compounds in diethyl ether extracts of red wines. Chromatographia, 54, 309-315. 

Vanhoenacker G, De Villiers A, Lazou K, Keukeleire D, Sandra P (2001) Comparison of high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectroscopy for the analysis of phenolic compoimds in diethyl ether extracts of red wines. Chromatographia 54 309-315... 

The microstructure of zso-phthalate polyester films before and after exposure at room temperature to an alkaline solution was studied using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) [133]. The results of structural characterization as well as chemical analyses using attenuated total reflection FT-IR, total carbon analysis and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed that the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of polyester was a heterogeneous process. The formation of pits occurs as a result of hydrolysis and the number and size of pits increases with exposure time. 

Very little in the way of advances has occurred since 1971 in the applications of ultraviolet or infrared spectroscopy to the analysis of fluonnated organic compounds Therefore, only gas-liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and electron scattering for chemical analysis (ESCA) are discussed The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to the analysis of fluonnated organic compounds is the subject of another section of this chapter... 

Preliminary examinations of dextran structures were conducted by optical rotation, infrared spectroscopy and periodate-oxidation reactions. More detailed results can be achieved by methylation analysis [19]. The hydroxyl groups are methylated with methyl iodide after activation with sodium methylsulfinyl carbanion (Fig. 2). The methyl dextran is hydrolysed to the corresponding different methylated monosaccharides, which are furthermore reduced and peracetylated. The resulting alditol acetates of methylated sugars are separated by gas chromatography and identified by their retention times. In particular, a combined capillary gas-liquid chromatography/mass... 

As an instrumental approach to conventional electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis offers the capability of on-line detection, micropreparative operation and automation (6,8,45-47). In addition, the in tandem connection of capillary electrophoresis to other spectroscopy techniques, such as mass spectrometry, provides high information content on many components of the simple or complex peptide under study. For example, it has been possible to separate and characterize various dynorphins by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (33). Therefore, the combination of CE-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) provides a valuable analytical tool useful for the fast identification and structural characterization of peptides. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the use of atmospheric pressure ionization using Ion Spray Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry is well suited for CE/MS (48). This approach to CE/MS provides a very effective and straightforward method which allow the feasibility of obtaining CE/MS data for peptides from actual biological extracts, i.e., analysis of neuropeptides from equine cerebral spinal fluid (33). 

It was found that root bark, containing egg cavities with feces, were avoided by the pine weevil H. abietis, so its feces were investigated in an attempt to find ways to control the weevil. After fractionation by medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS)... 

Figure 2 The two most frequently used approaches for metabolomics are NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. To maximize the coverage of the metabolome, these techniques can be combined. This figure shows the analysis of the aqueous fraction of a section of heart tissue that uses NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Although mass spectrometry approaches are inherently more sensitive than NMR spectroscopy, metabolite identification becomes more difficult.

Since 1905, when William W. Coblentz obtained the first infrared spectrum (1), vibrational spectroscopy has become an important analytical tool in research and in technical fields. In the late 1960s, infrared spectrometry was generally believed to be an instrumental technique of declining popularity that was gradually being superseded by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) for structural determinations and by gas and liquid chromatography for quantitative analysis. 

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