Mass spectroscopy capillary liquid chromatography

Sensitive analytical methods should be used such as liquid chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy, microbore liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoreses. 

Xiao, H. B., Krucker, M., Putzhach, K., and Albert, K., Capillary liquid chromatography-microcoil IH nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry for on-hne structure elucidation of isoflavones in Radix astragali. Journal of Chromatography A 1067(1-2), 135-143, 2005. 

After reviewing the properties and structure of ionic liquids, leading specialists explore the role of these materials in optical, electrochemical, and biochemical sensor technology. The book then examines ionic liquids in gas, liquid, and countercurrent chromatography, along with their use as electrolyte additives in capillary electrophoresis. It also discusses gas solubilities and measurement techniques, liquid-liquid extraction, and the separation of metal ions. The final chapters cover molecular, Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopies. 

Numerous analyses in the quality control of most kinds of samples occurring in the flavour industry are done by different chromatographic procedures, for example gas chromatography (GC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (fiPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Besides the different IR methods mentioned already, further spectroscopic techniques are used, for example nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, also in quality control modern coupled techniques like GC-MS, GC-Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, HPLC-MS and CE-MS are gaining more and more importance. 

Preliminary examinations of dextran structures were conducted by optical rotation, infrared spectroscopy and periodate-oxidation reactions. More detailed results can be achieved by methylation analysis [19]. The hydroxyl groups are methylated with methyl iodide after activation with sodium methylsulfinyl carbanion (Fig. 2). The methyl dextran is hydrolysed to the corresponding different methylated monosaccharides, which are furthermore reduced and peracetylated. The resulting alditol acetates of methylated sugars are separated by gas chromatography and identified by their retention times. In particular, a combined capillary gas-liquid chromatography/mass... 

As an instrumental approach to conventional electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis offers the capability of on-line detection, micropreparative operation and automation (6,8,45-47). In addition, the in tandem connection of capillary electrophoresis to other spectroscopy techniques, such as mass spectrometry, provides high information content on many components of the simple or complex peptide under study. For example, it has been possible to separate and characterize various dynorphins by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (33). Therefore, the combination of CE-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) provides a valuable analytical tool useful for the fast identification and structural characterization of peptides. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the use of atmospheric pressure ionization using Ion Spray Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry is well suited for CE/MS (48). This approach to CE/MS provides a very effective and straightforward method which allow the feasibility of obtaining CE/MS data for peptides from actual biological extracts, i.e., analysis of neuropeptides from equine cerebral spinal fluid (33). 

Mass spectrometry (MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with their numerous applications are the main instrumental techniques for the detection and identification of CWC-related chemicals. During the last few years, however, less laborious techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) have become attractive for the analysis of water samples and extracts where sample preparation is either not required or is relatively simple. 

Vanhoenacker, G., De Villiers, A., Lazou, K., De Keukeleire, D., Sandra, P. (2001). Comparison of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy and Capillary Electrophoresis - Mass Spectroscopy for the analysis of phenolic compounds in diethyl ether extracts of red wines. Chromatographia, 54, 309-315. 

G.c. - m.s. analyses of light liquid products was carried out using 40 m x 0,3 mm silica phased capillary column coated with SE 30 and connected with VQ-70HS mass spectrometer. Heavy liquid products (b.p, > 180 C) were analysed by n.m.r. spectroscopy ( Bruker MSL-400). For characterization of the heavy liquid products, their were separated on a particular families of compounds by a colume chromatography technique. Educed fractions were analysed by g.c. - m.s. technique. 

One of the main purposes of derivatization is the transformation of nonvolatile compounds into volatile derivatives. However, it is not the sole purpose of this treatment of analytes. Each chromatographic method [gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectroscopy (MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), etc.] being... 

As part of the specific transfer, the number of lots, replicates, and injections (in the case of HPLC) should be expressly presented. For dissolution transfers, the number of individual dosage forms that will be tested should be stipulated. It is necessary to spell out such details so that small differences in the everyday analytical philosophies do not perturb the transfer process. In the case of new techniques that may not be common to the receiving laboratory (i.e., capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy), specific training may be necessary before the execution of a transfer protocol. 

As described in more detail in Section 13.3.2, the main analytical techniques that are employed for metabonomic studies are based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The latter technique requires a preseparation of the metabolic components using either gas chromatography (GC) after chemical derivatization or liquid chromatography (LC), with the newer method of ultra-high-pressure LC (UPLC) being used increasingly. The use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to MS has also shown promise. Other more specialized techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and arrayed electrochemical detection have been used in some cases. 

Another important application of CDs is (chiral) drug analysis. In this field, CDs are used in combination with UV-VIS spectrometry, fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, in electrochemical analysis and most widely in various separation techniques such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatograpy (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), super- and subcritical fluid chromatography (SFC) [13] and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [9], [16]. 

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