High linear

The same highly linear relationship as shown for X-ray penetration can be obtained for Irl92 or Co60 at higher wall thickness and with a lower eontrast sensitivity. 

In a concentric-tube nebulizer, the sample solution is drawn through the inner capillary by the vacuum created when the argon gas stream flows over the end (nozzle) at high linear velocity. As the solution is drawn out, the edges of the liquid forming a film over the end of the inner capillary are blown away as a spray of droplets and solvent vapor. This aerosol may pass through spray and desolvation chambers before reaching the plasma flame. 

In the cross-flow arrangement, the argon gas flows at high linear velocity across the face of an orthogonal capillary tube containing sample solution. The partial vacuum causes liquid to lift above the end of the capillary. Here, it meets the argon and is nebulized. 

This arrangement provides a thin film of liquid sample solution flowing down to a narrow orifice (0.007-cm diameter) through which argon flows at high linear velocity (volume flow is about 0.5-1 1/min). A fine aerosol is produced. This particular nebulizer is efficient for solutions having a high concentration of analyte constituents. 

The sample solution flows onto a piece of fritted glass through which argon gas flows. The flow of argon is broken down into narrow parallel streams of high linear velocity, which meet the thin film of liquid percolating into the pores of the frit. At the interfaces, an aerosol is formed and is blown from the top of the frit. 

Slit-Film Fiber. A substantial volume of olefin fiber is produced by slit-film or film-to-fiber technology (29). For producing filaments with high linear density, above 0.7 tex (6.6 den), the production economics ate more favorable than monofilament spinning (29). The fibers are used primarily for carpet backing and rope or cordage appHcations. The processes used to make slit-film fibers are versatile and economical. 

In contrast to most extmsion processes, extmsion coating involves a hot melt, ca 340°C. The thin web cools rapidly between the die and nip even at high linear rates. Both mechanical and chemical bonding to substrates are involved. Mechanical locking of resin around fibers contributes to the resin s adhesion to paper. Some oxidation of the melt takes place in the air gap, thereby providing sites for chemical bonding to aluminum foil. Excessive oxidation causes poor heat-sealing characteristics. 

For high rates, high linear velocity is needed to minimize gradients. 

Equation (12) indicates that the band variance is directly proportional to the square of the tube radius, very similar to that for a straight tube. At high linear velocities, Tijssen deduced that... 

Now, at high linear velocities, the longitudinal diffusion term will become insignificant and, equally important, the resistance to mass transfer term that incorporates the inverse function of diffusivity will become large, thus improving the precision of measurement. 

Figure 6.3 shows a comparison of elution patterns of standard polystyrene between a linear-type column and a standard-type column. Because of the high linearity of its calibration curve, the linear series has improved the efficiency of oligomer domain separation. 

As shown earlier, the melting point for perfectly linear ADMET polyethylene (Table 8.1) approaches the range of melting point values exhibited by industrially produced, highly linear polyethylenes.40 However, for ADMET polyethylene with a methyl branch placed on every ninth carbon, the 7m is lowered significantly. The melting point of — 14°C and enthalpy of 28 J/g is 150°C and approximately... 

A highly linear internal olefinsulfonate IOS 2024 was then studied. The purpose was to determine whether the lower IOS 1518 adsorption noted above was due to a difference in hydrophobe branching, to different relative positions of the sulfonate group and the carbon-carbon double bond, or to different di monosulfonate ratios. 

Results obtained with a set of highly linear IOS 2024 samples are consistent with those obtained with AOS 2024 samples. Increased disulfonate content gives higher adsorption on crushed Berea (Table 18). 

Highly linear, unbranched chains allow for maximum interaction between chains. The greater the intermolecular contact between chains, the stronger the forces between them, and the greater the strength of the material. 

Fig. 2.8.7 (a) Implementation of cone-and-plate device, (b) Velocity image taken across a vertical slice, (c) Velocity profile taken across the cell with 7° cone angle. Note the highly linear variation of velocity (adapted from Ref. [15]). 

CLND Total nitrogen specific Easy quantitation (single standard) High linearity (105) [43,44]... 

Principles and Characteristics As mentioned already (Section 3.5.2) solid-phase microextraction involves the use of a micro-fibre which is exposed to the analyte(s) for a prespecified time. GC-MS is an ideal detector after SPME extraction/injection for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. For SPME-GC analysis, the fibre is forced into the chromatography capillary injector, where the entire extraction is desorbed. A high linear flow-rate of the carrier gas along the fibre is essential to ensure complete desorption of the analytes. Because no solvent is injected, and the analytes are rapidly desorbed on to the column, minimum detection limits are improved and resolution is maintained. Online coupling of conventional fibre-based SPME coupled with GC is now becoming routine. Automated SPME takes the sample directly from bottle to gas chromatograph. Split/splitless, on-column and PTV injection are compatible with SPME. SPME can also be used very effectively for sample introduction to fast GC systems, provided that a dedicated injector is used for this purpose [69,70],... 

High linear velocity (reduced extraction time)... 

In this study, experiments were carried out with a [CH3Si(H)0]m prepared using conditions under which the yield of the cyclic oligomers (m = 4, 5, 6,. . . . ) is maximized [12], as well as with the commercial [CH3Si(H)0]m polymer of higher molecular weight, with presumably high linear content. 

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