Sterilizing agents

The dihydrochloride is a white crystalline powder, m.p. about 225 C (decomp.). Used as an antiseptic and skin sterilizing agent, and as a bacteriostat in some pharmaceutical formulations. 

The resistance of an organism to a sterilizing agent can be described by means of the D-value. For heat and radiation treatments, respectively, this is defined as the time taken at a fixed temperature or the radiation dose required to achieve a 90% reduction in viable cells (i.e. a 1 log cycle reduction in survivors Fig. 20.2k). The calculation of the D-value assumes a linear type A survivor curve (Fig. 20.1), and must be corrected to allow for any deviation from linearity with type B or C curves. Some typical D-values for resistant bacterial spores are given in Table 23.2 (Chapter 23). 

To act as an efficient sterilizing agent, steam should be able to provide moisture and heat efficiently to the article to be sterilized. This is most effectively done using saturated steam, which is steam in thermal equilibrium with the water from which it is derived, i.e. steam on the phase boundary (Fig. 20.5). Under these circumstances, contact with a cooler surface causes condensation and contraction drawing in fresh steam and leading to the immediate release ofthe latent heat, which represents approximately 80% ofthe heat energy. In this way heat and moisture are imparted rapidly to articles being sterilized and dry porous loads are quickly penetrated by the steam. 

Lichtenstein, E.P., Fuhremann, T.W., and Schulz, K.R. Effect of sterilizing agents on persistence of parathion and diazinon in soils and water, J. Agric. Food Chem., 16(5) 870-873, 1968. 

Uses. Sterilizing agent fumigant insecticide reagent in organic chemical synthesis... 

Uses. May occur as an intermediate in the production of chlorinated ethylenes formerly used as a solvent for cellulose ethers, resins, and gums, for dry cleaning, coal purification, as a soil sterilizing agent, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of dichloroacetic acid... 

Pharmacology The liquid contains sulfonated phenolics, which are antiseptic agents with topical analgesic properties, and sulfuric acid, which is a tissue denaturant and sterilizing agent. 

PS is used as an insecticide and sterilizing agent, mainly for cereal grain in storage or in ships holds. As a soil fumigant, it is used to control nematodes, microorganisms, and weed seeds. 

Radiation is used in medicine in the form of X-rays and radioactive isotopes. It is used in industry in many ways, e.g., as vitamin activator, sterilizing agents, and polymerization initiator it is also the basis of all types of spectroscopic analysis.)... 

Because ionizing radiation is a powerful sterilizing agent, food chemists became interested in this technique. Studies were mainly directed towards starch and its degradation.81,82,85-67 89 71 22 323-344 The question of the wholesomeness of irradiated food has also been considered.345-348 For a review, see Ref. 14. 

It is a specific kinetic expression for each micro-organism in a specific environment subjected to a specific sterilization agent or condition. In other words, the D value will be affected by a. The type of microorganism used as the biological indicator. ... 

Chemical (vapor phase) Ethylene oxide Propylene oxide Formaldehyde (3 - Propiolactone Disinfection temperature Ethylene oxide also used as sterilizing agent Possible carcinogenic activity of p-propiolactone... 

MW 44.06 unstable, ring cleaves readily CAS [75-21-8] used as a fumigant and sterilizing agent, and in the manufacture of many glycol ethers and ethano-lamines colorless gas with ether-like odor liquefies at 10.4°C density 0.88 g/mL at 10°C vapor pressure 1095 torr at 20°C soluble in water and most organic solvents highly flammable, toxic, and severe irritant. 

In a hollow fiber dialyzer the blood flows down the bore of the fiber, providing good fluid flow hydrodynamics. An advantage of the hollow fiber design is that only 60-100 mL of blood is required to fill the dialyzer. At the end of a dialysis procedure hollow fiber dialyzers can also be easily drained, flushed with sterilizing agent, and reused. Dialyzer reuse is widely practiced, in part for economic reasons, but also because the biocompatibility of the membrane appears to improve after exposure to blood. 

Knowledge of the physical conditions near an object we desire to sterilize suggests that conditions are appropriate for the intended result, but cannot truly establish that fact. Biological indicators positioned in or on the surfaces we intend to sterilize provide a clarity of result that is hard to dispute. Properly sited the BI must experience the lethal effect of the sterilizing agent in order to succumb. Predicting its death, or worse yet explaining away its survival on the basis of some physical measurement, is wholly inappropriate. 

Ammonia is combined with chlorine to purify some municipal and industrial water supplies. They act as delayed sterilizing agents and permit higher residual chlorine concentrations than does chlorine alone - without producing a chlorine taste and odor57. 

Sodium perborate (1,000) - Oxidizing bleaching agent, washing and sterilizing agent... 

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