Heat linear

The throw of downward-projected heated linear jets or upward-projected chilled air jets can be calculated as ... 

Sandberg et al. conducted similar tests with a heated linear jet so that the buoyancy forces opposed the forces due to the lower pressure in the circulation zone (bubble). Based on the results of these tests, it was concluded that... 

Here small amounts of CO and O atoms were adsorbed at relatively low temperature, after which the surface was heated linearly in time, and the CO2 formation monitored by mass spectrometry. The reaction sequence for this process is... 

MAT 731 double-focussing mass spectrometer, a combined EI/FI/FD/FAB ion source and an AMD Intectra direct introduction system, has been previously described in detail (12). The samples were heated linearly from 50 C to 750 C at a rate of 100 K/min. In general, 35 FI mass spectra were recorded in the m/z 50-900 mass range. 

Single filament design beam current and beam width are determined by a heated linear filament. Because the current extractable from a unit length of the single filament is limited, multifilament configurations are often used. This also improves the uniformity of the current distribution, which is usually less homogeneous than that obtained in scanning horn processors.58 The beam width is limited by the necessity to span the filament across the full width of the exit window to a maximum of about 2 m (80 in.). 

Radex Safety Calorimeter. The Radex calorimeter is a modular instrument that can simultaneously evaluate six different samples (size range 0.5 to 5 ml), or one substance under a variety of conditions. Each module is a separate entity with its own calibrated oven capable of being operated under an open, closed, or pressurized condition, with all temperature differences between the sample and the oven being stored in a microprocessor for further analysis. The Radex calorimeter is very versatile samples can be tested in either an isothermal or ramp mode. In the isothermal mode, each oven is heated to a preset temperature and held at that temperature throughout the experiment. In the ramp mode of operation, the oven is heated linearly to a preset temperature, or can be maintained at a given temperature for a predetermined time. The flexibility of oven function in the Radex calorimeter enables the user to determine the intrinsic stability of a chemical and to also compare the impact of such parameters as temperature, atmosphere, and impurities on the stability of a given substance. 

Sulfidation of the nitrides was likewise conducted in a quartz reactor. One gram of nitride was sulfided in flowing 10% H2S/H2 (60 ml/min) while heating linearly at a rate of 10°C/min from room temperature to the desired sulfiding temperature under helium flow and then holding at the sulfiding temperature for 5 hours. The sulfiding temperatures were 400, 500, 600 and 700°C, respectively. 

Linear polymer A polymer in which the molecules form long chains without branches or cross-linking. The molecular chains of a linear polymer may be intertwined, but the forces tending to hold the molecules together are physical rather than chemical and therefore can be weakened by heating. Linear polymers are thermoplastic. Odian GC (2004) Principles of polymerization. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Mark JE (ed) (1996) Physical properties of polymers handbook. Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Fig. 6.7 A typical Li ion attachment mass spectrum of the products from the pyrolysis of a Japanese lacquer film recorded as the furnace temperature increased from 50-500 °C. Samples were placed in the EGA furnace and heated linearly in a atmosphere at a programmed rate of 128°C/min. The relative intensity is given as a percentage of the intensity of the carboxylic acid peak at m/z 81 (C HjCOOHLi ). Inset a partial mass spectrum from m/z 315 - 345. These peak clusters correspond to the urushiol monomer. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [64]. 2012, Elsevier)...

On heating, linear polymers flow and are termed thermoplastics. To prevent flow, polymers are sometimes cross-linked ( ) ... 

In other cases, the temperature of the surroundings remains constant (Figure 5.4), whereas the measuring system actually composed of two separate measuring systems is heated linearly with time. Each of the two separate measuring systems has a controlled heater that brings it to a temperature identical... 

For a TP experiment, a mounted crystal is heated linearly with time, using resistive heating and thermocouple controlled temperature measurement. The concentration of the desorbing species is monitored by a differentially pumped QMS and recorded. 

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