Lentiviruses immunodeficiency virus

African coast, such as Senegal and the Ivory Coast. HIV-2 also causes AIDS, although there are some indications that it is less able to do so than HIV-1. It is interesting that the virus that is most closely related to HIV-2 is not HIV-1, but a lentivirus found in sooty mangabey monkeys (simian immunodeficiency virus or SIVSM). SIVSM does not cause disease in sooty mangabeys. 

Retroviruses require proliferative target cells to mediate effective gene transfer. Lentiviruses, the class of retrovirus that includes human immunodeficiency virus, are an exception. They can also integrate in nondividing cells. An additional obstacle for retroviruses is the high susceptibility of the virus particle to humoral factors that ablate their gene transfer capacity. Perhaps most important, retroviruses, even when used ex vivo, pose a low but real risk of cancer. 

HIV-1 is a member of the group of slow viruses or lentiviruses.730 Other lentiviruses include the human HIV-2,731 an immunodeficiency virus that attacks cats causing leukemia,732 and the human leukemia virus... 

In 1983, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was isolated from a patient with lymphadeno-pathy, and by 1984 it was demonstrated clearly to be the causative agent of AIDS. The virus, which belongs to the lentivirus subfamily of the large family of retroviruses (Retroviridae), was formerly called lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type III, and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV). 

A newer generation of retroviral vectors, based on the lentivirus, hold the same advantages of retroviral vectors with the added ability to transduce non-dividing cells efficiently. Pre-clinical studies with lentiviral vectors for the treatment of hemophilia have shown great promise. Using a feline immunodeficiency virus (FlV)-based vector, Stein et al. showed that 9 of 12 treated hemophilia A mice could express greater than 5 ng/ml factor VIII, six of which... 

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the retrovirus family, classified under the lentivirus genus. Retroviruses are enveloped RNA viruses, which contain a core of capsid proteins, viral RNA, and enzymes. All infectious retroviral virions contain an enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which catalyzes the formation of a complementary DNA strand from an RNA template. A double-stranded DNA copy of the viral RNA genome (proviral DNA) may then be integrated into and replicated with the host cell genome. 

Retroviruses are most familiar to the general reader as the family to which the lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs. Other retrovirus groups include the avian sarcoma and leukosis viral group... 

Evans JT, Gai cia JV (2000) Lentivirus vector mobilization and spread by human immunodeficiency virus. Hum Gene Ther 11 2331-2339. 

Dow SW, Poss ML, Hoover EA (1990) Feline immunodeficiency virus A neurotropic lentivirus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3 658-668. 

The use of vectors based on other primate lentiviruses (83,84) may also eliminate some of the concerns however, HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency vims (SIV) are closely related to HI V-1. Therefore, vectors based on nonprimate lentiviruses like feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), equine infectious anemia vims, and visna may be more acceptable (85-87). These viruses do not cause infection in humans due to restrictions in the envelope tropism. However, the risk associated with the introduction of nonhuman lentiviral vectors in human tissues is unknown, and the actual safety of these lentiviral vectors remains to be evaluated. 

Schnell T, Foley P, Wirth M, Munch J, Liberia K. 2000. Development of a self-inactivating, minimal lentivirus vector based on simian immunodeficiency virus. Hum. Gene Ther. 11 439 17... 

White, S.M., et al. 1999. Lentivirus vectors using human and simian immunodeficiency virus elements. Virol 73, 2832-2840. 

Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) are lentiviruses, retroviruses evolved to establish chronic persistent infection with gradual onset of cUnical symptoms. Replication is constant following infection while some infected cells may harbor nonrepUcating but infectious virus for years, there generally is no true period of viral latency following infection. Humans and chimpanzees are the only hosts for these viruses. 

De Clercq, E. (1994) New developments in the chemotherapy of lentivirus (human immunodeficiency virus) infections sensitivity/ resistance of HIV-1 to non-nucleoside HIV- 1-specific inhibitors. Ann. NY Acad Sci. 724 438-456. 

Spumavirus (the foamy viruses) Lentivirus (human, feline, simian, and bovine immunodeficiency viruses). Enveloped, spherical, negative-sense, and ssRNA (two identical strands). Synthesis occurs in the host cell cytoplasm maturation involves budding through the host cell plasma membrane. These viruses contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The retroviruses (except the Spumavirus and Lentivirus genera) represent the RNA tiunor viruses, causing leukemias, carcinomas, and sarcomas. 

Recombinant lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus, are capable of transducing quiescent cells. 

Lentivirus (human, feline, simian, and bovine immunodeficiency viruses)... 

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