Chronic persistent

Buckley CD, Pilling D, Lord JM, Akbar AN, Scheel-Toellner D, Salmon M. Fibroblasts regulate the switch from acute resolving to chronic persistent inflammation. Trends Immunol 2001 22(4) 199-204. 

Liver biopsies for pathologic classification as chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, or cirrhosis. 

Mohan, V.P. et al., Effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on host immune response in chronic persistent tuberculosis Possible role for limiting pathology, Infect. Immun., 69, 1847, 2001. 

Lian Zi is sweet, astringent and neutral, and enters the Spleen, Kidney and Heart meridians. This herb is able to tonify the Spleen-Qi, Kidney-Qi and Heart-Qi. Its astringent property may stabilize the Qi, essence and fluid. It is often used as assistant in the formula to treat chronic, persistent restlessness, palpitations and anxiety due to weakness of the Heart, Spleen and Kidney. 

Safinamide is a mixed Na+ and Ca2+ channel blocker with anticonvulsant, neuroprotective and anti-parkinsonian properties and is currently in phase II clincical trials for the indications epilepsy and Morbus parkinson (for review see Chazot, 2001). Additionally, analgesic activity has been shown in acute pain models (hot plate, tail flick) and more pronounced in a chronic, persistent pain model (formalin test) in mice in a dose range of 7.5 to 120 mg/kg p.o. (Salvati et al., 1999). 

Effects of leukotriene modifiers in patients with chronic persistent asthma. PEFR = peak expiratory flow rate. 

Oral candidiasis - besides other predisposing factors - is a common disease in the immunocompromised patient and should remind clinicians of the possibility of HIV infection. It is often associated with esophageal manifestations. Relapsing or chronic persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis has been reported in up to 50% of HIV-infected women, therefore some authors recommend HIV testing in this condition too [58]. Resistance to antifungal drugs is a common problem... 

Chronic Persisting over time, as opposed to acute-... 

Fig. 2.3 Reticular fibrosis of the liver surface in chronic persistent hepatitis B with a so-called simian cleft (s. fig. 31.20)...

There is a marked elevation of IgM in chronic persistent hepatitis... 

Portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) develops in chronic liver diseases and/or in the wake of portosystemic circulation. Liver cirrhosis with its hepatofugal collateral circulatory pathway is thus the focus of interest in this clinical form of disease. The term PSE is identical to exogenous liver coma or liver cell failure coma . PSE can be further subdivided according to its symptomatology and depending on its form and degree of severity. There are three forms of portosystemic encephalopathy (1.) subclinical (or latent) PSE, (2.) acute or acute recurrent (episodic) PSE, and (i.) chronic recurrent or chronic persistent PSE. 

Based on the different histological criteria, chronic hepatitis was subdivided in 1968 into (i.) chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) (a term coined by H. F. Smetana as early as 1954) and (2.) chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (E. G. Saint et al., 1953) with a mild (type A) and a severe (type B) course. (7) In this context so-called chronic necrotizing hepatitis can be integrated. (24) (s. fig. 34.6) (s. tab. 34.1) This classification was further refined by the additional... 

Fig. 34.1 Chronic persistent hepatitis smooth liver surface with spotted, brick-red coloured pattern. Clearly pronounced blood vessels with perivascular connective tissue, fine perilobular fibrosis...

Oxyphenisatine, once a very widely used laxative, was withdrawn before 1980 in most countries because of chronic persistent/active hepatitis a full account will be found in volumes in this series from 1971. 

The condition is chronic, persisting for at least three months. 

These and related studies suggest that chronic CN intake can contribute to medical conditions indicative of chronic persistent CN intoxication. Howlett et al. (1990) described the typical developmental course of Konzo as beginning with generalized weakness, difficulty in walking, and trembling. Eventually, affected individuals tend to fall while walking and soon lose their ability to stand or walk. Lower back pain and lower limb numbness have also been described (Howlett et al., 1990). 

Liver biopsies performed in patients with chronic HBV infection are classified as chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Histologic results do not correlate with symptoms and often patients are asymptomatic until the development of cirrhosis. " Cirrhosis is manifested by interlacing strands of fibrous tissue with nodules of regenerating cells resulting in a characteristic small and knobby-appearing liver. This form of injury is irreversible and can be exacerbated by heavy alcohol consumption and concomitant infection with HCV or HIV. Hepatic decompensation as a result of cirrhosis includes ascites, jaundice, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy. The 5-year risk of decompensation after the development of cirrhosis is estimated to be 20%. ... 

Patients may be in obvious acute distress (trauma pain) or appear to have no noticeable suffering (chronic/persistent). 

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