Law enforcement

Most of the forensic science or crime laboratories located in North America are associated with law enforcement agencies, medical examiner—coroner departments, or prosecutors offices. There are a large number of independent consultants, also. Laboratories exist at the municipal, county, state, and federal levels of government. There are approximately 300 government-operated forensic science laboratories in the United States. 

J. F. Boudreau and co-workers, Mn o and Arson Investigation Survey and Assessment, National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law... 

J. Rosette, Product TamperingA.s ItyTffects Consumers andEaw Enforcement, EBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Sept. 1992. 

Law enforcement agencies even use cyanoacrylates to obtain fingerprints on irregularly shaped objects and porous surfaces [39]. They first place the objeet to be tested in a tank with warmed ethyl cyanoaerylate. The ECA vapor migrates onto... 

The Department of Transportation is responsible for setting safety standards for rail, highway, air and water transportation and providing law enforcement and traffic management for airspace and waterways. Also regulates manufacturers of containers and transporters of hazardous materials. 

The recent rise in the use of expolosives in terrorist activity poses new challenges to industry and law enforcement. This challenge is being met by the use of sophisticated chemical detection devices to screen for bombs and more rigorous explosive inventory safeguards and controls. Plans have also been proposed to tag explosives with isotopes to make them easier to trace if misused. 

Military uses for lasers are abundant, from range-finding to guided munitions to laser aiming devices on firearms. Warfare has been revolutionized by the laser. Law enforcement uses lasers to lift hard-to-recover fingerprints and in laser radar speed guns. 

One of the major concerns for law-enforcement agencies in using less-lethal ammunition projectiles is the delicate balance between their effectiveness and their lethality. Impact biomechanics studies of a human body, including the use of less-lethal projectiles, are critically important when considering the protection of military personnel and civilians from accidental injury. 

Law enforcement is indispensable for regulation. Adequate sanctions help to deter future violations and have a significant impact on regulatory effectiveness. 

By 1978/1979, indicators of PCP abuse leveled off and started to decline. This trend is thought to be related to a variety of activities initiated by health and law enforcement officials, including a nationwide education campaign in which 18,000 letters... 

The PCP abuser poses unique problems for law enforcement agencies and the judicial system. McCarron et al. (1981), in reviewing medical and behavioral characteristics of 1,000 PCP episodes observed in medical emergency rooms, have noted the extremely high incidence (35 percent) of violence and rage reactions. Possibly... 

The following case histories illustrate some of the issues faced by PCP abusers, law enforcement personnel, and the courts. 

Case 3. Death Associated With Law Enforcement Intervention... 

It is not uncommon for civil actions to be brought against law enforcement personnel who have come into contact with individuals under the influence of PCP. Helen A. Burns vs. City and County of Honolulu et al. represents an issue that is being brought before the courts with increasing frequency. 

Member states have a number of actions under the Directive. They have to appoint a competent authority (or authorities), transpose the Directive into national law, enforce it and provide information to the European Commission. 

Ni H-G, Zeng EY (2009) Law enforcement and global collaboration are the keys to containing e-waste tsunami in China. Environ Sci Technol 43(ll) 3991-3994. doi 10.1021/ es802725m... 

Dogs that can detect narcotics or explosives are in high demand by law enforcement agencies. What chemistry do these dogs know that enables them to reliably aid police in apprehending criminals ... 

Scent as Forensic Evidence and Its Relationship to the Law Enforcement Canine, Charles Mesloh, http //www.uspcak9.com/training/forensicScent.pdf... 

Our personal civilian security is greatly enhanced by many contributions from chemistry and chemical engineering, often through integrated R D efforts with teams of scientists from many disciplines. Law enforcement employs forensic tools that rely heavily on chemical analysis, and emergency response teams use a variety of protective clothing and equipment that rely on modern materials chemistry and engineering. As mentioned above, individual security extends to chemical detection methods in the home. 

As in the first edition, all materials listed in this handbook have been used on the battlefield, stockpiled as weapons, received significant interest by research programs, used or threatened to be used by terrorists, or have been assessed by qualified law enforcement and response organizations as agents of significant concern. To assure accuracy, all data have been cross-checked over the widest variety of military, scientific, and medical sources available. 

In 2000 the law-enforcement organs arrested an inhabitant of small towns Carichanka when he was trying to sell a defensive block with a radionuclide source. After that, his house was inspected thoroughly and three similar blocks were discovered hidden at different places. 

---