Lavandula

L v ndin. Lavandin, Lavandula hjbrida as a plant species is of recent origin, unknown until the late 1920s. It is a hybrid of two common lavenders, l vandula officinalis and l vandula latifolia. Lavandin is cultivated mainly ia southern France and has become one of the most produced and used natural perfumery materials. The flowering tops of the shmb are used to produce a concrete, an absolute, and a steam-distilled oil the last is by far the most used. Low cost and refreshing odor quaUty allow lavandin to be employed ia a wide variety of perfume appHcations and at high concentrations. Chemically it is comprised of 30—32% linalool (3) and linalyl acetate (1), along with numerous other substances, mosdy terpenic. 

The separation capacity of a TLC method can be easily improved by use of a two-dimensional high performance TLC technique (2D HPTLC). Various plant essential oils (menthae, thymi, anisi, lavandulae, etc.) have been analysed by 2D TLC with florisil (magnesium silicate) as the adsorbent, using dichloromethane/ -heptane (4 6) in the first direction and ethyl acetate/n-heptane (1 9) in the second direction (69). 

Latandula Slotc/ias is the herb knowo as tiomtro ianto (holy rosemary) by he Spaniards. The esscutial oil is very similar io odour to that of Lavandula dfutata, resembling rQ emary rather than lavender. 

Fenchone, Cj Hj O, is found in fennel oil and in the oil of Lavandula Stoechas, in its deirtro-rotatory form, and as laevo-fenchone in oil of thuja leaves. It can be extracted from these oils by treating the fraction boiling at 190° to 195° with nitric acid, or permar anate of potassium, and then steam distilling the unaltered fenchone. 

Kokkalou, E. 1988. The constituents of the essential oil from Lavandula stoechas growing wild in Greece. Planta Med. 47 58-59. 

Sinclair, W. T., Morman, J., and Ennos, R. 1998. Multiple origins for Scots pine (Pinus sylves-tris L.) in Scotland evidence from mitochondrial DNA variation. Heredity 80 233-240. Skoula, M., Abidi, C. and Kokkalou, E. 1996. Essential oil variation of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas growing wild in Crete (Greece). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 24 255-260. 

Yalentini, G., Arnold, N. and Bellomaria, B. 1993. Etude chimique comparative des huiles essen-tieUes de quatre populations de Lavandula stoechas L. Plante med. phytother. 224 289-299. 

Flavonoids Salvia off. Melissa off. Lavandula angustifolia SiO, Multicomponent eluents... 

ABSTRACT This study forms part of a larger multidisciplinary environmental study of the Lower Guadiana River basin carried out by a joint Portuguese-Spanish research team. It describes the mobility of lead in soil profiles taken over varied lithologies of the Iberian Pyrite Belt and the distribution of this metal with the root, stems and leaves of three plant species native to the area (Cistus ladanifer L., Lavandula luisieri and Thymus vulgaris). Results indicate that at all sample sites the mobility of lead is very low. 

The Guadiana Basin occupies a total area of 66,850 km2 in Spain and Portugal, 8,350 km2 of which comprises the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) one of the world s largest concentrations of base metal sulphide deposits (Leistel et al., 1997 Ribeiro et al., 1990). Three plant species (Cistus ladanifer, Lavandula luisieri and Thymus vulgaris) were utilized in this study. The soils in which these plants were sampled are developed over varied geological formations. The oldest formation (PQ Group, Upper Devonian) consists of a thick sequence of arenites and shales... 

The concentrations of lead in plants are in general higher in the roots than in the aerial parts (stems and leaves), with 25 to + 5000 mg kg 1 and 11 to 15 mg kg"1, respectively in Lavandula luisieri (Rozeira) Rivas-Martinez roots and aerial parts 3 to982 mg kg"1 and 3 to 308 mg kg 1, respectively in Cistus ladaniferL. roots and aerial parts and 35 to 70 mg kg 1 and 8 to 29 mg kg"1, respectively in Thymus vulgaris L. roots and aerial parts. 

PRESENCE OF FLAVONOIDS IN SPECIES. SUBSPECIES AND VARIETIES OF LAVANDULA AND SABAUDIA BASED ON HPLC. PC AND ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS. NUMBERS REFER TO FLAVONOIDS IN THE TEXT... 

Section Dentata L.dentata var.dentata6 — Section Lavandula - - - - + — —... 

T.M. Upson, R.J. Grayer, J.R. Greenham, C.A. Williams, F. Al-Ghamdi and F.-H. Chen, Leaf flavonoids as systematic characters in the genera Lavandula and Sabaudia. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28 (2000) 991-1007. 

Further studies on the biosynthesis of ovalicin (57) have demonstrated the use of deuterium magnetic resonance in biosynthetic studies. Compounds (59)—(62), structurally related to (-)-a-santalene (58), have been isolated from the essential oil of Lavandula ojficinalis and L. hybrida " An alternative synthesis of a-santalol... 

FIGURE 2.2S Score plot on the two LDA discriminant functions, showing the discrimination among honey samples, on the basis of potentiometric data, according to the predominant pollen variety Er, Erica Ec, Echium L, Lavandula (reproduced from Dias et at., 2008, with permission). 

Dias and coworkers utilized an array of potentiometric sensors for the classification of honey samples from different Portuguese regions with respect to the predominant pollen type Erica, Echium, Lavandula. PCA and LDA were employed for the pattern recognition (see Fig. 2.25), after having verified that the variables followed a normal distribution. Cross-validation was applied for evaluating the classification rules, obtaining satisfactory prediction abilities for two classes (about 80%) and poor results for the third one (about 50%) (Dias et al., 2008). 

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