Lavandula latifolia

Spanish spike lavender oil is produced by steam distillation of the flowering tops of spike, Lavandula latifolia Medik. It is an almost colorless to pale greenish-yellow liquid with a characteristic, rough odor slightly like cineole and camphor. 

Lavandin oil is obtained by steam distillation of freshly cut flowering tops of lavandin, which is a hybrid of lavender and spike Lavandula angustifolia Mill, x Lavandula latifolia Medik.). It is a pale yellow to amber liquid with a lavender-like and a slightly camphoraceous note. 

For an essential oil such as lavender, the same major components will be present these are linalool, linalyl acetate and 1,8-cineole. This is the qualitative knowledge. The different types of lavender essential oils will contain different amounts of constituent compounds. Spike lavender, Lavandula latifolia, has high amounts of 1,8-cineole (25-37%), while true lavender, Lavandula angustifolia, has very small amounts (0-5%). Lavandula latifolia may contain up to 60% camphor, while Lavandula angustifolia has only up to about 12%. This is quantitative information. A quantitative analysis is needed to help identify different types of oil and can distinguish chemotypes. 

Spike lavender comes from the Lavandula latifolia or Lavandula spica species. These grow at much lower altitudes, are easier and cheaper to cultivate and give high yields of oil. The main country of origin is Spain. 

Lavandin is produced by a hybrid plant Lavandula intermedia or Lavandula hybrida, which was bred by crossing the true lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) with spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia). Lavandin is sometimes called bastard lavender. Hybrids are widespread in horticulture, where they are bred to produce plants with the desired properties of the parents. The lavandin plants are easier to grow at lower altitudes (400-600 metres), yielding almost twice as much oil as the true lavender plant. Again, this is economically favourable and lavandin essential oil is particularly useful for the cosmetic and fragrance industries. 

Chemically, all forms contain linalyl acetate, linalool and 1,8-cineole, along with many other compounds. Further analysis of each type reveals their differences in amounts of chemical components. The situation is illustrated by comparing published data for principal constituents and then seeing how these are reinforced by an actual GC chromatogram. This is shown in Table 7.1 the main figure is the published data while figures in brackets are those taken from the GC analysis of actual oil samples (cis- and trans-ocimene are minor hydrocarbon components, but are included as they are often used as markers for the authenticity of lavender oils). In all cases the amounts of compounds in the hybrid (Lavandula intermedia) are in between those of the true (Lavandula angustifolia) and the spike (Lavandula latifolia). 

Figure 7.4 Lavender. This shows the GC analysis for spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia). The camphor level is high and that of linalyl acetate is low. Courtesy of Jenny Warden, Traceability.

For the spike (Lavandula latifolia) lavender the analysis shows a much lower acetate content and a high natural camphor and 1,8-cineole level. This makes it useful for respiratory infections, as an insecticide and for muscular pain. However, it must be used cautiously as it is a more vigorous oil. 

Lavandin Oil, Abrial Type, occurs as a pale yellow to yellow liquid with a slight, camphoraceous odor that is strongly suggestive of lavender. It is obtained by steam distillation of the fresh flowering tops of a hybrid, Lavandula abrialis unofficial (Fam. Labiatae), of true lavender, Lavandula officinalis, or of spike lavender, Lavandula latifolia. It is soluble in most... 

Spike Lavender Oil occurs as a pale yellow to yellow liquid with a camphoraceous, lavender odor. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the flowers of Lavandula latifolia, Vill. (Lavandula spica, D.C.) (Fam. Labiatae). It is soluble in most fixed oils and in propylene glycol. It is slightly soluble in glycerin and in mineral oil. 

Beta vulgaris (Chenopodicaeae) Widespread Vaccinium maerocarpon (cranberry), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry) (Ericaceae), Lavandula latifolia Prunella vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia tribba, Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), Malus sp. (apple), Pyrus sp. (pear) (Rosaceae) [fruit surface]... 

Oil of spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia (L.f.) Medikus), Spanish type... 

Terpineol (556) has been found in Lavandula latifolia and with somewhat less evidencce, reported in Coridothymus capitatus It was synthesized by hydration of P-pinene (142) in the presence of mercury, a method due to Fdtizon and described below (perilla alcohol). ... 

Spike-lavender oil. Colorless to yellowish-green oil with a fresh, herby-camphor, lavender-like odor. Production By steam distillation of the flowering herbage of spike lavender, Lavandula latifolia mainly growing wild on the Iberian peninsula. Main producing country is Spain, 150-2()0 t/a. 

Lavandula angustifolia oil. See Lavender oil Lavandula hybrida Lavandula hybrida oil. See Lavandin (Lavandula hybrida) oil Lavandula latifolia Lavandula latifolia oil. See Spike lavender oil... 

Synonyms Aspic oil Lavandula latifolia Lavandula latifolia oil Lavandula oil ... 

A rst step in genetic engineering is the development and optimization of transformation (gene transfer) protocols for the target species. Such optimized protocols exist for essential oil plants such as lavandin (f avandula x intermedia Dronne et al, 1999), spike lavender Lavandula latifolia Nebauer et al, 2000), and peppermint M. piperita Diemer et al, 1998 Niu et al, 2000). 

Lavender, Spike Miller Lavandula latifolia Medik. Lamiaceae Flower Cult LQ... 

Nebauer, S.G., I. Arrillaga, L. del Castillo-Agudo, and J. Segura, 2000. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the aromatic shrub Lavandula latifolia. MoL re., 6 23-48. 

Definition Essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the owering tops of Lavandula latifolia... 

Spike lavender oil Spicae aetheroleum Lavandula latifolia Medik. 

Lavandin Lavandin oil is produced from Lavandula hybrida, a plant species of recent origin, unknown until the late 1920s. It is a hybrid of two common lavenders, Lavandula officinalis and Lavandula latifolia. Lavandin is cultivated mainly in southern France and has become one of the most produced and used natural perfumery materials. The flowering tops of the shrub are used to produce a concrete, an absolute, and a steam-distilled oil the last is by far the most used. Low cost and refreshing odor quality allow lavandin to be employed in a wide variety of perfume applications and at high concentrations. Chemically it is comprised of 30-32% linalool (3) and linalyl acetate (1), along with numerous other substances, mostly terpenic. 

Source Lavender Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (syn. L. spica L. L. officinalis Chaix. L Vera DC.) Spike lavender Lavandula latifolia Medic, or Vill. (syn. L. spica Cav. or DC.) Lavandin hybrid of L. angustifolia and L. latifolia (Family Labiatae or Lamiaceae). 

G. Lavandinol F. essence de lavandin Obtained by steam distillation of the flowering plant of Lavandula hybrida, a hybrid developed by crossing the true - lavender plant (Lavandula officinalis, Labiatae) with the spike lavender plant (Lavandula latifolia) to obtain better yields and a wider possible area of cultivation for the plants. Important cultivation areas are southern France, Spain and northern Africa. 

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