Lavandula oils

Fig. 17.14 Simultaneous stereoanalysis of Lavandula oil constituents, using enantio-MDGC (standard mixture), a Preseparation of racemic compounds unresolved enantiomeric pairs of octan-3-ol (6, 7), frcms-linalool oxide (1, 2), oct-l-en-3-ol (9, 10), ds-linalool oxide (3, 4), camphor (5, 8), linalool (17, 18), linalyl acetate (11, 12), terpinen-4-ol (15, 16) and lavandulol (13, 14). b Chiral resolution of enantiomeric pairs, transferred from the precolumn trans-linalool oxide 1 (2S,5S), 2 (2R,5R) ds-linalool oxide 3 (2R,5S), 4 (2S,5R) camphor 5 (IS), 8 (IR) octan-3-ol 6 R, 7S oct-1-en-3-ol PS, 10 R linalyl acetate 11 R, 12 S lavandulol 13 R, 14 S terpinen-4-ol 15 R, 16 S linalool 17 R, 18 S. [75]...

Kreis P, Mosandl A (1992) Chiral compounds of essential oils XI Simultaneous stereoanalysis of Lavandula oil constituents. Flavour Fragr 17 187... 

Chirality evaluation of linalyl acetate and linalool have been introduced as new and substantial criteria in the authenticity control of lavender oils. In particular, linalyl acetate from genuine lavender oils has high enantiomeric purity favouring the R-configuration, irrespective of the Lavandula species, and storage or work-up conditions [32]. Using 2,3-di-0-acylated-6-0-silylated cyclodextrins as a new generation of chiral stationary phases in enantio-cGC, most of chiral compounds of Lavandula oil, are stereoanalyzed simultaneously (Fig. 6.37 Fig. 6.38). 

Table 6,20 Enantiomeric distributions of chiral volatiles, investigated from authentic samples of Lavandula oils (from ref [111])...

In Fig. 6.46 the experiments to reveal the origin of linalool from a commercially available spike oil are compared [107]. While enantioselective analysis detects the R(80%) S(20%) enantiomeric ratio, indicating a blend with synthetic racemate, the amount of synthetic racemate caimot be calculated, owing to a conceivable partial racemization of linalool during the processing of Lavandula oils. By means of enantio-IRMS investigation the blend of linalool from different origin is proved [R(-26.1 S(-30.67 J], whereas simple IRMS-analysis [R-i-S(-27.07g )] even sim-... 

Lavandula officinalis oil. See Lavender oil Lavandula oil Lavandula spica Lavandula spica oil. See Spike lavender oil Lavandulyl acetate... 

Synonyms Aspic oil Lavandula latifolia Lavandula latifolia oil Lavandula oil ... 

Kasper, S., Gastpar, M., Muller, W. E Volz, H. P., Moller, H. J., Dienel, A., Schlafke, S. 2010. Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of subsyndromal anxiety disorder A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. 

L v ndin. Lavandin, Lavandula hjbrida as a plant species is of recent origin, unknown until the late 1920s. It is a hybrid of two common lavenders, l vandula officinalis and l vandula latifolia. Lavandin is cultivated mainly ia southern France and has become one of the most produced and used natural perfumery materials. The flowering tops of the shmb are used to produce a concrete, an absolute, and a steam-distilled oil the last is by far the most used. Low cost and refreshing odor quaUty allow lavandin to be employed ia a wide variety of perfume appHcations and at high concentrations. Chemically it is comprised of 30—32% linalool (3) and linalyl acetate (1), along with numerous other substances, mosdy terpenic. 

The separation capacity of a TLC method can be easily improved by use of a two-dimensional high performance TLC technique (2D HPTLC). Various plant essential oils (menthae, thymi, anisi, lavandulae, etc.) have been analysed by 2D TLC with florisil (magnesium silicate) as the adsorbent, using dichloromethane/ -heptane (4 6) in the first direction and ethyl acetate/n-heptane (1 9) in the second direction (69). 

Latandula Slotc/ias is the herb knowo as tiomtro ianto (holy rosemary) by he Spaniards. The esscutial oil is very similar io odour to that of Lavandula dfutata, resembling rQ emary rather than lavender. 

Fenchone, Cj Hj O, is found in fennel oil and in the oil of Lavandula Stoechas, in its deirtro-rotatory form, and as laevo-fenchone in oil of thuja leaves. It can be extracted from these oils by treating the fraction boiling at 190° to 195° with nitric acid, or permar anate of potassium, and then steam distilling the unaltered fenchone. 

Kokkalou, E. 1988. The constituents of the essential oil from Lavandula stoechas growing wild in Greece. Planta Med. 47 58-59. 

Sinclair, W. T., Morman, J., and Ennos, R. 1998. Multiple origins for Scots pine (Pinus sylves-tris L.) in Scotland evidence from mitochondrial DNA variation. Heredity 80 233-240. Skoula, M., Abidi, C. and Kokkalou, E. 1996. Essential oil variation of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas growing wild in Crete (Greece). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 24 255-260. 

Further studies on the biosynthesis of ovalicin (57) have demonstrated the use of deuterium magnetic resonance in biosynthetic studies. Compounds (59)—(62), structurally related to (-)-a-santalene (58), have been isolated from the essential oil of Lavandula ojficinalis and L. hybrida " An alternative synthesis of a-santalol... 

Lavandula products comprise the following oils and extracts ... 

Lavender oil is produced by steam distillation of freshly cut, flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiaceae). It is a pale yellow, amber-tinged liquid with a fresh, sweet, floral, herbaceous odor on a woody balsamic base. 

Spanish spike lavender oil is produced by steam distillation of the flowering tops of spike, Lavandula latifolia Medik. It is an almost colorless to pale greenish-yellow liquid with a characteristic, rough odor slightly like cineole and camphor. 

Lavandin oil is obtained by steam distillation of freshly cut flowering tops of lavandin, which is a hybrid of lavender and spike Lavandula angustifolia Mill, x Lavandula latifolia Medik.). It is a pale yellow to amber liquid with a lavender-like and a slightly camphoraceous note. 

For hundreds of years the essential oil of lavender has been well appreciated for perfumery purposes [72]. Lavender oil is obtained by steam distillation from the fresh-flowering tops of Lavandula angustifolia Miller (Lavandula officinalis Chaix) [73]. It is a colourless or pale yellow, clear liquid, with a fresh, sweet, floral, herbaceous odour on a woody balsamic base [73, 74]. According to the European Pharmacopoeia, characteristic components of lavender oils are limonene, cineol, 3-octanone, camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, lavandulyl acetate, lavandulol and a-terpineol. Adulterations commonly include blends of lavender oils with lavandin oil or spike oil, and the addition of synthetic linalool and linalyl acetate. In contrast, genuine lavender oils contain as main constituents (i )-linalyl acetate and (i )-linalool of high enantiomeric purity (Fig. 17.14). 

Table 1. Acaricidal activity of essential oil, linalool and artificial mixture from Lavandula angustifolia on Psoroptes cuniculi.

House dust mites were of interest also for our research group. In particular, we have evaluated the activity of the essential oils of four plants, Lavandula angustifolia, L. stoechas, Mentha x piperita (Lamiaceae) and Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae), against a mite of stored food, Tyrophagus longior (Acari Acaridae) [230,231]. We have analyzed by GC-MS all the essential oils and applied two different methods to test the activity of these compounds one by direct contact and the other by vapour diffusion. In the direct contact assays five different quantities of... 

Dadalioglu, I. and Evrendilek, C.A. (2004) Chemical compositions and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Turkish oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on common foodborne pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52, 8255-8260. 

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