Larix sibirica

Abies sachalinensis Masters/Sakhalin fir Abies sibirica Ledeb./Siberian fir ImHx dahurica Turcz./Dahurian larch Larix sibirica Ledeb./Siberian larch Piceafennica Regel/Finnish Siberian spruce Picea jesoensis (S. et Z.) Carr./Jeddo spruce Picea obovata Led./Siberian spruce Picea schrenkiana Fish Meyer/Schrenk spruce Pinus koraiensis Sieb. Zuss/Korean pine Pinus sibirica Rupr./Siberian stone pine Pinus sylvestris L./Scotch pine Taxus baccata L./English yew... 

Found in Larix sibirica bark and Miscanthus floridulus. Cryst. (QHg or H2O). Mp 134-134.5° dec. (subl. from 124°). 

Medvedeva, S. A., N. A. Tyukavkina, and S. Z. Ivanova Glycosides of phenolic acids of the needles of Larix sibirica. Khim. Prir. Soedin. — Chem. nat. compounds... 

D-Galactose has been found in Siberian larch Larix sibirica) wood (28), the spring sap of birches Betula spp.) (103, 149), the xylem of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) (27), and red beech Fagus sylvatica) sap (150). D-Mannose has been found in saps (149, 150). Both may be more widespread than indicated. 

Antonova G F, Usov A I 1984 Structure of an arabinogalactan from Siberian larch Larix sibirica Ladeb.) wood. Bioorg Khim 10 1664-1669... 

Lisina A I, Pentegova V A 1965 Abietadiene from the rosin of the Siberian larch Larix sibirica). Izvest Sibir Otdel Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Khim Nauk 96-100... 

Khan VA, Dubovenko ZV, Pentegova VA 1976 Monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids of the oleoresin of Larix sibirica. Khim Prir Soedin 11 100... 

Manool 29, another common labdane, isolated from wood oil of the yellow pine Dacrydium biforme, was hydroxylated (but in lower yields fiian sclareol) by Mucor plum-beus at positions -3, -2a, and/or -7a [18]. Larixol 30, a 6-hydroxylated labdane isolated as its monoacetate from the oleoresins of European larch (Larix europeae D.C.) or as the free alcohol from Siberian larch Larix sibirica Ledb.), and some chemically oxidized derivatives, have recently been proposed as valuable precursors for the hemisynthesis of forskolin and analogs [34]. However, incubation with an M. plumbeus strain led exclusively, though in good yields, to 2a-hydroxy derivatives. 

Fig. 1. Distribution of iron in trees trunk on the background and the haloes of iron ore bodies (deposit Oktyabr skoe, Tat yaninskoe, and Zmeinaya gorka). A - larch (Larix dahurica Turcz.) B - pine (Pinus silvestris L.) C - birch (Betula platyphylla Sukacz.) D - cedar (Cedrus sibirica (Rupr.) E - fir-tree (Picea obovata Ledeb) F - rowan-tree (Sorbus sibirica Hedl.). 1 - on the haloes (a - the most intensive, b - of middle intensive, c - the less intensive) 2 - on the background.

Constituents of Pinaceae and Cupressaceae include 8,5,18-labdanetrioI, (-)-labda-nolic acid and (+)-6-oxocativic acid. Numerous derivatives have been found in conifers such as pine (Pinus), fir (Abies), larch (Larix) and juniper (Juniperus). Selected examples are (+)-12,15-epoxy-8(17),12,14-labdatriene (pumiloxide) from Pinus pumila, (-l-)-12,14-labdadien-8-ol (abienol) from Pinus strobus and various Abies species, (+)-ll,13-labdadien-8-ol (neoabienol) from Abies sibirica, (-)-13(16),14-labdadien-8-ol (isoabienol), (+)-8(17)-labdene-15,18-dioic acid from the needles of Pinus silvestris (Pinaceae) and 14,15-dihydroxy-8(17),13(16)-labdadien-19-oic acid fxora Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae). 

More than 200 diterpenes with an abietane skeleton are reported to exist naturally Numerous representatives oeeur in conifers. Selected examples include palustra-diene, also referred to as (-)-8,13-abietadiene, from the pine tree Pintds palustris, from the so-called berries of the sade tree Juniperus sabina (Cupressaceae) and other species of juniper trees, (-)-abietenol from the pine Pinus silvestris and the fir Abies sibirica, (-)-abietic aeid belonging to the resin acids of turpentine and wide-spread in conifers such as various pines Pinus), larch trees Larix) and firs Abies), as well as (+)-palustric acid from the balm and the roots of Pinus palustris, isolated from gum rosin. 

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