Birch Betula spp

Palo, R. T. (1984). Distribution of birch Betula spp.), willow [Salix spp.) and poplar Popu-lus spp.) secondaiy metabolites and their potential role as chemical defense against herbivores. Journal of ChemicalEcobgy 10,499-520. 

Birch-celery syndrome has been described, with individuals sensitized to birch (Betula spp.) pollen or mugwort Artemisia vulgaris) pollen frequently displaying type I allergic symptoms after ingestion of celery (Breiteneder et al. 1995 Luttkopf et al. 2000). 

As the relative proportions of the woody components vary only within narrow ranges for common commercial species, the EMCs at a given relative humidity and temperature are closely similar for these woods. However, at high relative humidities deviations from mean values can appear. Shubin s data (1990) show, for instance, that at 95% relative humidity the EMC at 42.4°C ranges from 22% for a pine to 33% for an oak. Hoadley (1980) notes that in species with a high extractives content, such as redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and mahogany (Swietenia mahogani), the fibers remain saturated at 22%-24% moisture content, whereas birch (Betula spp.) may have a moisture content up to 35% at fiber saturation. 

Himanen SJ, Blande JD, Klemola T, Pulkkinen J, Heijari J, Holopainen JK (2010) Birch Betula spp.) leaves adsorb and re-release volatiles specific to neighbouring plants -a mechanism Iot associational herbivore resistance New Phytol 186 722-732... 

D-Galactose has been found in Siberian larch Larix sibirica) wood (28), the spring sap of birches Betula spp.) (103, 149), the xylem of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) (27), and red beech Fagus sylvatica) sap (150). D-Mannose has been found in saps (149, 150). Both may be more widespread than indicated. 

The xylem ray cells of the sugar maple (Acer saccharum) contain -10% starch (172). In birch (Betula spp.) stored starch is converted into sucrose when the ambient temperature drops to - 5 °C (50), perhaps to provide cryoprotection. 

A plant-derived compound with a long history is the lupane-type triterpene, betulinic acid (53), which has been isolated from many taxonomically diverse plant genera. " A major source is the birch tree, Betula spp., which is also a primary source of its C-28 alcohol precursor, betulin, the isolation of which was first reported in 1788. 

Birch (bark, leaves) Betula spp 1,3 Methyl salicylate (see p 331), irritant oils causing Gl upset... 

C12H22O11 342.299 Structural unit in the glucomannans of plant hemicelluloses. Isol. from the partial acid hydrolysates of the glucomannans from Amorphophallus spp., white spruce (Pinus glauca), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), red maple (Acer rubrum), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), larch (Larix decidua), jack pine (Pinus bank-siana) and from Narcissus tazetta from hemicelluloses of lobolly pine (Pinus taeda) and in trace amounts from the acetolysates of the a-celluloses from white birch (Betula papyrifera) and slash pine... 

According to the Colour Index (1971 Cl 77268/Pigment Black 8), this is a carbon char made from birch bark (Betula spp.). 

The truffles are perhaps the most famous, and certainly the most expensive, of the edible mushrooms, being avidly sought-out for use in gourmet cooking, particularly in France. The best-known species of truffle is Tuber melanosporum, which is commonly mycorrhizal on species of oak, birch, and beech Quercus, Betula, snAFagus spp., respectively). Other Eurasian species of truffle include Tuber aestivum and T. brumale, while T... 

---