European larch

Gierth M, Stelzer R, Lehmann H. Endodermal Ca and Sr partitioning in needles of the European larch Larix decidua (L.) Mill.). J. Plant Physiol 1998 152 25-30. 

A distinct feature of honeydew honey is the trisaccharide melezi-tose, which has been identified in the exudate manna of the Douglas fir the European larch, and the North American Jack or scrub pine. According to the late Professor C. S. Hudson, Turkestan manna contains 20-38% of melezitose, and Douglas-fir manna, 50% of melezitose. At one time, melezitose formed 20-30% of the total... 

The first structural study of the arabinogalactan or e-galactan from European larch was carried out by Campbell, Hirst, and Jones,126 who showed the polysaccharide to contain residues of D-galactose and L-arabinose in the proportion of 6 1. Fractionation of the methylated polysaccharide gave, as the main component, a methylated galactan containing... 

Further knowledge of the detailed structure of European-larch e-galactan has come from later investigations.126 127 In these studies, however, no evidence could be found for heterogeneity of the type previously encountered in the methylated derivative, and the e-galactan itself was ultracentrifugally homogeneous. 

Mild, acid hydrolysis of European-larch arabinogalactan results in the formation of 3-0-/3-L-arabinopyranosyl-L-arabinose (XXXIX). 26 Although this disaccharide has been isolated as an acid-reversion product from L-arab-inose,131 it is accompanied under these conditions by two other arabinose-containing disaccharides, neither of which was detected in the larch polysaccharide hydrolyzate. Since hydrolysis of methylated -galactan gave approximately equimolar proportions of 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-L-arabinose and 2,5-di-O-methyl-n-arabinose, traces of 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-L-arabinose, and no mono-O-methyl-L-arabinose, it is clear that the L-arabinose units must arise from an arabinogalactan rather than from an arabinan, and that the majority of these must be present in 3-0-/3-L-arabinopyranosyl-L-arabino-furanose side-chains (XLV) linked, in some way as yet unknown, to the framework of D-galactose units (XLI). 

Structural Studies on the Water-Soluble Arabinogalactans of Mountain and European Larch, J. K. N. Jones and P. E. Reid,/. Polym. Set., Part C, (1963) 63-71. 

Cause Larch branch canker. This fungus produces sunken areas on the bark that are surrounded with drops of resin. Cut out and destroy affected parts as soon as detected once established, there is no control. European larch Larix decidua) is prone to serious infections Japanese larch L. kaempferi) is less susceptible to the disease. 

Figure 1.1. The transverse and tangential-longitudinal faces of the softwood European larch, Larix decidua. The wood comprises longitudinal tracheids forming the axial system of cells, and radial parenchyma mostly in uniseriate rays. Axial and ray canals are also present. Magnification X 125.

Softwoods Corsican pine Ponderosa pine Douglas fir European larch Radiata pine Western red cedar Cupressus macrocarpa Redwood Sitka spruce Podocarpus to tar a... 

The quality of eucalypt woods for producing chemical pulps was evaluated using NIR spectra and chemometric methods [124]. NIR spectroscopy was used to predict pulp yield and cellulose content from spectra of powdered wood samples [137]. In another application, in addition to estimating lignin content, NIR spectra were used to quantify hardwood-softwood ratios in paperboard [138]. NIR spectra taken from solid European larch samples subjected to axial bending and compression tests revealed an excellent ability to model the variability of mechanical properties [139]. The study demonstrated that the model is based not only on the measurement of density, but also on surface geometry, composition, and, possibly, lignin content. The authors concluded that NIR spectroscopy shows considerable potential to become a tool for nondestructive evaluation of small clear wood specimens, e.g., increment cores. 

European larch Larix laricina 1 5.7 17 -35 water 16 linear 319 ... 

European larch L. decidua Mill. P. apterus Sth instar larvae Topical 83... 

The European larch (Larix europaea, Pinus larix, Larix decidua)... 

Venice turpentine n. Same as larch turpentine, the oleoresin of the European larch tree (Larix europea or Larix deciduas). The term is also now used widely to describe the clear yellow liquid portion of pine oleoresin, or a synthetic product of similar composition made by dissolving rosin in a terpene solvent. 

Jeger s ketal (394), named after its discoverer, but also called Amberketal, Ambrake-tal, and Ketamber, is another material with a powerful ambergris odor. It is prepared from manool (395), extracted from the New Zealand tree Dacrydium biforme, by permanganate oxidation to the ketone (396) followed by osmylation of the double bond and spontaneous formation of the ketal from the resultant diol-ketone. It has also been synthesized from larixol (397), which is readily available from the European larch, Larix decidua 449). 

All species of Larix, like most other genera in the Pinaceae, have a haploid number of 12 chromosomes (Wright, 1962). Polyploidy and aneuploidy are rare in conifers. A cross between L. occidentalis and L. decidua (European larch) produced a single triploid hybrid (Larsen and... 

Manool 29, another common labdane, isolated from wood oil of the yellow pine Dacrydium biforme, was hydroxylated (but in lower yields fiian sclareol) by Mucor plum-beus at positions -3, -2a, and/or -7a [18]. Larixol 30, a 6-hydroxylated labdane isolated as its monoacetate from the oleoresins of European larch (Larix europeae D.C.) or as the free alcohol from Siberian larch Larix sibirica Ledb.), and some chemically oxidized derivatives, have recently been proposed as valuable precursors for the hemisynthesis of forskolin and analogs [34]. However, incubation with an M. plumbeus strain led exclusively, though in good yields, to 2a-hydroxy derivatives. 

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