Dacrydium biforme

H-)-Copalol (387) has been isolated from heartwood of Dacrydium kirkii its antipode ent 387) has been reported from Erythroxylon monogynum wood (356). Its allylic isomer, (-l-)-manool (388) has been known since 1935, when it was first isolated from wood of Dacrydium biforme (228, 238). The heartwood of Cupressus torulosa contains the diol (389) and the related aldehyde (390), besides manool, and the corresponding acid, cupressic acid (391) has been found in the resin of C. sempervirens (140). A number of labdanes have been obtained from... 

Jeger s ketal (394), named after its discoverer, but also called Amberketal, Ambrake-tal, and Ketamber, is another material with a powerful ambergris odor. It is prepared from manool (395), extracted from the New Zealand tree Dacrydium biforme, by permanganate oxidation to the ketone (396) followed by osmylation of the double bond and spontaneous formation of the ketal from the resultant diol-ketone. It has also been synthesized from larixol (397), which is readily available from the European larch, Larix decidua 449). 

Manool 29, another common labdane, isolated from wood oil of the yellow pine Dacrydium biforme, was hydroxylated (but in lower yields fiian sclareol) by Mucor plum-beus at positions -3, -2a, and/or -7a [18]. Larixol 30, a 6-hydroxylated labdane isolated as its monoacetate from the oleoresins of European larch (Larix europeae D.C.) or as the free alcohol from Siberian larch Larix sibirica Ledb.), and some chemically oxidized derivatives, have recently been proposed as valuable precursors for the hemisynthesis of forskolin and analogs [34]. However, incubation with an M. plumbeus strain led exclusively, though in good yields, to 2a-hydroxy derivatives. 

Pimaranes.—Sandaracopimaradien-19-ol is found in Dacrydium colensoi. The heartwood of D. biforme contains isopimara-7,15-diene and 18-... 

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