Lanosterol ester

L.C.R DK dmar Labs] Erucyl oleate, squalane, wheat germ oil, avocado oil, ClO-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters, tocopheryl acetate, retinyl palmitate. 

Super Sterol Ester. [Croda ftic. Ctoda Chem. Ltd.] CIO-30 cholestrol/ lanosterol esters emollient lubricant and moisturizer for dry skirt cosmetics, pharmaceuticals. 

Alkanet extract Alkanet root extract Alkanna tinctoria Alkanna tinctoria extract. See Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria) extract Alkanoic acids, C10-30, prod, with cholesterol and lanosta-8,24-dien-3-ol, (3-P)-. Seed0-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters Alkanolamlne 144, Alkanolamine 244 Low Freeze Grade, Alkanolamlne 244. See Triethanolamine... 

Cl 0-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters Ceteareth-2 Ceteareth-4 Ceteareth-6j Cetearyl alcohol... 

Canola oil Caprylic/capric/lauric triglyceride Caprylic/capric/linoleic triglyceride Caprylic/capric triglyceride C10-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters... 

Carrageenan (Chondrus crispus) Castor oil phosphate Cl0-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters Cetearyl isononanoate Cetearyl octanoate... 

Caprylic/capric glycerides Caprylic/capric/succinic triglyceride Caprylic/capric triglyceride PEG-4 esters Carbomer 934 Carbomer 940 Carbomer 941 Carrageenan (Chondrus crispus) Cl 0-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters Ceteareth-2 Ceteareth-3 Ceteareth-4 Ceteareth-6 Ceteareth-7 Ceteareth-8 Ceteareth-9 Ceteareth-11 Ceteareth-13 Ceteareth-16 Ceteareth-17 Ceteareth-18 Ceteareth-20 Ceteareth-22 Ceteareth-23 Ceteareth-25 Ceteareth-27 Ceteareth-28 Ceteareth-29 Ceteareth-30 Ceteareth-33 Ceteareth-34 Ceteareth-40 Ceteareth-50 Ceteareth-60 Ceteareth-10 phosphate Cetearyl alcohol Cetearyl octanoate Cetearyl stearate Ceteth Ceteth-1 Ceteth-2... 

C14-18 alcohols Canola oil C10-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters Ceteareth-4 Ceteareth-6... 

Octyl isononanoate Octyl stearate Oleamide DEA Oleamide MIPA Oleth-3 Oleyl alcohol PEG-2 stearate PEG-8 stearate Pentaerythrityl tetracaprylate/tetracaprate Pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate lubricant, pharmaceuticals Acetylated lanolin Acetylated mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel oil Behenic acid Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate Butyl myristate Cl 8-36 acid glycol ester C18-36 acid triglyceride Canola oil Cl0-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters Ceteareth-6 Ceteth-16 Ceteth-20 Cetyl lactate Cocoyl sarcosine... 

Balsam copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) Balsam copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) oil Behenamidopropyl dimethylamine Benzyl laurate Boron nitride Butyl octyl benzoate C10-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters Dicocodimethylamine dimerate Distearyidimethylamine dilinoleate Gold of pleasure (Camelina sativa) oil Hexyldecyl benzoate Hyaluronic acid Isopropyl stearate Linoleamidopropyl dimethylamine Macadamia ternifolia nut oil Octyidodecyl stearoyl stearate Oleyl oleate PEG/PPG-8/3 diisostearate PEG-14 tallate Polymethylsilsesquioxane Polyquaternium-22 PPG-26-buteth-26 Sodium/TEA-lauroyl hydrolyzed keratin Stearamide DEA Stearamidoethyl ethanolamine... 

Brassica campestris/Aleurites fordi oil copolymer Candelilla synthetic Caprylic/capric triglyceride Carboxymethyl chitin Cl0-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters Cetearyl behenate Cetearyl stearate Ceteth-80 Cetyl ricinoleate Cholesterol Coco-rapeseedate Collagen Collagen amino acids Coneflower (Echinacea pallida) extract Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) extract Connective tissue extract Copper acetylmethionate Copper PCA Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) extract Diisostearyl dimer dilinoleate... 

Triterpenes. The triterpenes (30 carbon atoms) are widely found in nature, especially plants, both in the free state and as esters or glycosides. A smaller but important group, including lanosterol [79-63-0] (114), occurs in animals. The triterpene hydrocarbon, squalene [111-02-4] (115), occurs in the hver oils of certain fish, especially those of sharks. 

Although lanosterol may appear similar to cholesterol in structure, another 20 steps are required to convert lanosterol to cholesterol (Figure 25.35). The enzymes responsible for this are all associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The primary pathway involves 7-dehydroeholesterol as the penultimate intermediate. An alternative pathway, also composed of many steps, produces the intermediate desmosterol. Reduction of the double bond at C-24 yields cholesterol. Cholesterol esters—a principal form of circulating cholesterol—are synthesized by acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT) on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum. 

Lanolin is a wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of sheep it is obtained from wool and it has been used as a lubricant and as an ingredient in pharmaceutical preparations. It contains esters of long chain alkanoic acids, both linear and branched, and of hydroxya-cids, cholesterol and lanosterol [2,83]. 

Phytosterols are structurally very similar to cholesterol and the major phytosterols (campesterol, sitosterol and stigmasterol) have the same kind of membrane viscosity modulating function in plants that cholesterol (C27 3-OH-C6 C6 G61 C5—C8) has in animals. Campesterol (24-methylcholesterol), sitosterol (24-ethylcholesterol) and stigmasterol (A22, 24-ethylcholesterol) are widespread phytosterols. The animal sterols lanosterol and cholesterol are present in particular plants. Phytosterol esters reduce cholesterol absorption and lower LDL-cholesterol. 

The sterols found in the unsaponifiable fraction of milk lipids are mostly cholesterol esters, small quantities of lanosterol, and even smaller quantities of two new constituents dihydrolanosterol and p-sitosterol (33). 

Cholesterol is formed in the liver (85%) and intestine (12%) - this constitutes 97% of the body s cholesterol synthesis of 3.2 mmol/day (= 1.25 g/day). Serum cholesterol is esterized to an extent of 70-80% with fatty acids (ca. 53% linolic acid, ca 23% oleic acid, ca 12% palmitic acid). The cholesterol pool (distributed in the liver, plasma and erythrocytes) is 5.16 mmol/day (= 2.0 g/day). Homocysteine stimulates the production of cholesterol in the liver cells as well as its subsequent secretion. Cholesterol may be removed from the pool by being channelled into the bile or, as VLDL and HDL particles, into the plasma. The key enzyme in the synthesis of cholesterol is hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HGM-CoA reductase), which has a half-life of only 3 hours. Cholesterol is produced via the intermediate stages of mevalonate, squalene and lanosterol. Cholesterol esters are formed in the plasma by the linking of a lecithin fatty acid to free cholesterol (by means of LCAT) with the simultaneous release of lysolecithin. (s. figs. 3.8, 3.9) (s. tab. 3.8)... 

Chemically wool wax is a complex mixture of esters, diesters and hydroxy esters of high molecular weight lanolin alcohol and acids. The lanolin alcohol consists of three main types - aliphatic alcohols, sterols (such as cholesterol) and trimethyl sterols (such as lanosterols). The lanolin acid consists of four main types - normal, iso, anteiso and hydroxy acids. On exposure to the environment wool readily undergoes auto-oxidation. The reaction product (oxidised wool wax) be-... 

An approach to the total synthesis of cycloxobuxine and cycloprotobuxine alkaloids has been attempted starting from lanosterol.32 The pregnane derivative (38a), prepared from lanosterol,33 was transformed into the lljS-nitrite ester (38b), which was irradiated in benzene solution containing iodine. After oxidation of the resulting iodide, the 11 -oxo-19-iodo-derivati ve was transformed, through an alumina column,into 1 l-oxo-9/ , 19-cyclo-derivative (39) (cycloxobuxine skeleton). Reduction of (39) with lithium aluminium hydride gave a mixture of the triol (40) and the diol (41), the latter being oxidized to the diketone (42). 

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cell which shows the known sites in which sterol carrier proteins are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, utilization and intracellular transfer. SCP, participates in the conversion of squalene to lanosterol and SCP2 participates in the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol, the conversion of cholesterol to cholesterol ester by ACAT, and probably also in the conversion of cholesterol to 7a-hydroxycholesterol. SCPj transfers cholesterol from cytoplasmic lipid inclusion droplets to mitochondria in the adrenal and SCPj also translocates cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. 

Other minor components in butterfat include phospholipids (Table 3.161) (Boatman et al., 1969 Jensen, 1973 Kayser and Patton, 1970 Nutter and Privett, 1967). Cholesterol is the major sterol (90%), present partly (10%) as cholesterol ester (Brewington et al., 1970 Keenan and Patton, 1970). The remaining sterols include lanosterol and traces of dihydrolanosterol and -sitosterol. 

Sterols are substituted with an isoprenoid side chain at C-17 (Fig. 120). In plants they may be glycosylated (steryl glycosides) or acylated by fatty acids (steryl esters) at the C-3 hydroxy group. Acylated steryl glycosides, e.g., 6-0-palmitoyl-/8-D-glucosyl-sitosterol, also occur in plants. Sterols are grouped according to the pattern of methylation into 4,4-dimethylsterols, e.g., lanosterol and cycloartenol, 4a-methylsterols, e.g., obtusifoliol, and 4-demethylsterols, e.g., cholesterol. 

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