Landfill Leachate Chemical Treatment

Methods developed for treatment of landfill leachates can be classified as physical, chemical and biological, which are usually used in combinations in order to improve the treatment efficiency. Biological treatment methods used for the leachate treatment can be classified as aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic processes which are... 

The SBP membrane filtration system concentrates contaminants and reduces the volume of contaminated groundwater, surface water, storm water, landfill leachates, and industrial process water. This hyperfiltration system consists of stainless steel tubes coated with a multilayered membrane, which is formed in-place using proprietary chemicals. The membrane filtration system can be used with an SBP bioremediation system or another technology as part of a treatment train. 

Sletten, R.S., Benjamin, M.M., Homg, J.J. and Ferguson, J.F. (1995) Physical-chemical treatment of landfill leachates for metals removal, Water Research 29, 2376-2386. 

There is growing interest in anaerobic treatment as an energy-efficient approach to waste treatment. Wastewaters treated by anaerobic processes include those from alcohol distillation, brewery, chemical manufacturing, dairy and cheese processing, landfill leachate, pharmaceutical and sugar processing. All... 

Waste water treatment Recovery of heavy metal ions from effluent of the galvanizing process,36 treatment of waste from galvanizing baths (Cr, Zn, etc.),37 recovery of precious metals, regeneration of chemical plating baths,38 removal of radioactive elements,39 removal of ions such as chloride ions from a Kraft pulp mill,40 completion of closed system of waste water in factories,41 treatment of adsorption solution of flue gases,42 removal of salt from landfill leachate.43... 

While reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration were being established in several applications, there was a lack of available membranes with cutoffs between 400 and 4000 g/mol. Increasing interest in NF membranes developed in the last decade. An extensive review on principles and applications of nanofiltration has been published recently [38]. Nanofiltration is important for water softening [39] and removal of organic contaminants. In the food industry, nanofiltration can be applied for concentration and demineralization of whey, concentration of sugar and juice. Nanofiltration also finds application in the pulp and paper industry, in the concentration of textile dye effluents and in landfill leachate treatment. The improvement of solvent stabihty of available NF membranes opens a wide range of potential applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry as weU as in metal and acid recovery. 

The literature reports that typically less than 10% of metals in landfill leachate are present as free metal ions. Depending on the leaehate eharacteristics, various techniques can be used to treat this hazardous wastewater (e.g. biological treatments, physico-chemical treatments, sueh as chemieal preeipitation, ion exchange, adsorption). Among these treatments, adsorption teehniques have proven successful in removing heavy metals. 

Develop a list of chemicals for use in a ground-water monitoring program. See table 3-1 for leachate characteristics and common constituents found in landfill leachate. Leachate quantity is greatly dependent on the landfill design. A quantity estimate of leachate should be provided before deciding which treatment/disposal methods will be used. 

Electrochemical Treatment Table 1 Physical-chemical leachates of Landfill Leachates, properties of landfill... 

Chiang LC, Chang JE (2001) Electrochemical oxidation combined with physical-chemical pretreatment processes for the treatment of refractory landfill leachate. Environ Eng Sci 18 369-379... 

The production of contaminated leachate is a possibility with most disposal sites. Leachate consists of water that has become contaminated by wastes as it passes through a waste disposal site. It contains waste constituents that are soluble, not retained by soil, and not readily degraded chemically or biochemically. Therefore, new hazardous waste landfills require leachate collection/treatment systems, and many older sites are required to have such systems retrofitted to them. Leachate is collected in perforated pipes that are embedded in granular drain material. 

If leachate is released from a hazardous waste landfill, it may be necessary to install a leachate treatment system. Such a facility is a sophisticated wastewater treatment system using biological, physical, and chemical treatment processes as described in Chapter 5. 

Case 2 - The Hyde Park Landfill site, located in an industrial complex in the extreme northwest corner of Niagara, New York, was used from 1953 to 1975 as a disposal site for an estimated 80,000 tons of chemical waste, including chlorinated hydrocarbons. A compacted clay cover was installed in 1978 over the landfill and a tile leachate collection system was installed in 1979. Hazardous compounds such as ortho-, meta- and para-chlorobenzoic acid toluene ortho- and meta-chlorotoluene 3,4-dichlorotoluene and 2,6-dichlorotoluene were detected in the leachate (Irvine et al., 1984). Since 1979, the existing leachate treatment system has used activated carbon as the technology for removing organic carbon. Although... 

A recent study published by Badema et al. in 2011 describes a combined method to investigate the toxicity of an industrial landfill s leachate which is based on a triad approach including chemical analyses, risk assessment, and in vitro assays [17]. Moreover, to verify the applicability and the robustness of the proposed method, the approach was applied on a real case study a controlled, ISO-14001 certified landfill for nonhazardous industrial waste and residual waste from the treatment of MSW in northern Italy for which data on the presence of leachate contaminants are available from the last 11 years. 

Such natural services may be interrupted in other ways. If the chemical or sewage plant upstream puts something toxic into the stream that the water treatment plant of the city downstream cannot remove by standard treatments, a new water supply or a new treatment method will have to be found at increased cost. In earlier years before the toxicity of the polychlorinated biphenyls was fully appreciated, General Electric released enough of them into the Hudson River north of Albany, New York that the whole Hudson River from Hudson Falls to New York City is now a Superfund site.7 Fishermen are advised not to eat the fish that they catch. It is not always easy to calculate the cost of a fishery lost to toxic heavy metal ions or acids draining out of a mine site.8 One settlement, involving a salmon fishery in a river in Idaho, was for 60 million dollars. The Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska cost Exxon 3 billion dollars. The persons whose wells become contaminated by leachate from the nearby landfill will face the costs of bringing water from a distance. This was a cost that was not included when the landfill was built. The U. S. National Research Council has recommended that the U. S. Department of Commerce resume development of a method to better measure environmental costs.9... 

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